Yingshan Hongshan Pomegranate Hills
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**Scientific Name:** *Rhododendron simsii*
**Common Name:** Indian Azalea
**Also Known As:** Mountain Pomegranate, Hawthorn, Red Clam
**Family:** Ericaceae (Azalea Subfamily)
**Morphological Characteristics:**
*Rhododendron simsii* is a flowering shrub that can be either evergreen or deciduous. Its stems are brittle and often have a strong fragrance. The plant typically grows to a height of less than 1 foot, but some varieties can reach up to several feet tall. The leaves are usually dense and leathery, and the flowers are vibrant, ranging from white to deep red. The species is known for its wide diversity in form, with some varieties growing as small shrubs (10–20 cm) and others reaching heights of over 20 meters. The main trunk is generally upright, while the branches grow alternately or in whorls.
There are more than 850 species within the azalea family, each with unique characteristics and habitats.
**Distribution:**
Azaleas are native to Europe, Asia, and North America, with the majority of species found in Asia. In China, several varieties are commonly cultivated, including: Mao Biao, Xia Xi, Western Beggar, Yang Biao, Ying Hong Du Fu, Ma Yin Hua, and Yun Yin Du Fu.
**Medicinal Uses:**
The flowers, fruits, leaves, and roots of *Rhododendron simsii* have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The flowers contain flavonoids and anthocyanins, which contribute to their color and medicinal properties. They are sweet and slightly sour in taste.
According to the *Compendium of Materia Medica*, azalea is non-toxic and used to treat conditions such as blood stasis, menstrual irregularities, and rheumatism. The *Chinese Medicine Dictionary* notes that it helps regulate menstruation, reduce uterine bleeding, and alleviate bruises and rheumatic pain. A common preparation involves decocting 5 grams of dried flowers in water for general use. Some people also cook white flowers with pig's trotters to treat excessive vaginal discharge.
The leaves and twigs contain compounds like flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenoids, and organic acids. They are used both internally and externally to treat skin rashes, wounds, and inflammation. Fresh leaves can be crushed and applied directly to sores, cuts, or injuries to stop bleeding and reduce swelling.
The root, also known as *Alisma*, contains about 7% tannin and has a sweet-sour taste. It is used to treat internal bleeding, colds, and pain. For conditions like vomiting blood, irregular menstruation, or dysentery, the root is typically boiled and taken orally. Fresh root slices can also be soaked and consumed for relief from rheumatoid arthritis or bruises. For traumatic injuries, the root can be ground into a powder and mixed with wine for enhanced effects.
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that azalea decoctions have expectorant and antitussive properties. They are effective in treating chronic bronchitis. A popular formulation is Yingshan red leaf powder, made into a tincture and taken twice daily at 10–20 ml per dose, with an 80% effectiveness rate. Medications like Xiao Kechuan syrup and Purple Azalea tablets are based on this herb and are widely used for respiratory issues.
In addition, azalea has a strong effect on heart health. When combined with other herbs like spiny plum fruit, Fushou grass, and cucumber peel, it can help treat conditions like Keshan disease. These combinations have shown promising results in improving cardiovascular function.
**Poetry Appreciation:**
*Mountain Pomegranate*
By Du Mu
The volcanoes seem to burn,
A beautiful jade, yet it looks like fire.
Mountain pomegranate sends yuan nine...
Another poem by Bai Juyi from the Tang Dynasty:
In March, I came to Jiujiang and called it out.
Nothing to do in the city, but Yamashita? Manganese? Ba Yu?
Eighteen trees in the rotten garden, countless flowers in the roots.
Thousands of rooms, thousands of new leaves, fresh purple dust.
Tears hurt Yan’s face, scissors cut the red scarf.
Zhu Xianxian was alive in the world, and the prostitutes were newly married to Jiao Chun.
Shooting blood drops fall to the ground, the wind turns the flame and wants to burn people.
Leaving the two branches in your hand, you cannot see the world.
This flower seems like Xi Shi, and the hibiscus medicine is aunt.
Who else is as beautiful as Qi Fang? Tongzhou moved to pick up the yuan.
Picking Jiangling to despise, it was a time of youth.
Shangshan Qinling kill the king, mountain pomegranate flower clip red road.
What poems I have reported, cloud of pain resembles a gown.
At the time, Congsi thought only of me, and I only remember the king before today.
Recalling that the king did not see the sales fall, the wind rose from day to day.
This poetic tribute captures the beauty and cultural significance of the *Rhododendron simsii*, a plant that has inspired both science and art throughout history.