The role of fertilization

All kinds of existing aquaculture objects are heterotrophic organisms, and the substances and energy required for their growth and development are completely dependent on the foods (exogenous foods) they ingest. In addition to industrialized, high-density aquaculture production mainly relying on artificial compound feed, natural food is the main and even irreplaceable basic food source in aquaculture production. In the case of seedling cultivation, large-water surface culture, and the use of filter-feeding aquatic animals as the main culture target, if it can supply natural baits in a timely manner, in a quality and quantity manner, and meet the material and energy requirements of aquatic animals, there will be basic guarantees for high-quality and high-yield products. .

Natural foods in water include phytoplankton, higher aquatic plants, zooplankton, bacteria, and organic debris.

Both phytoplankton and higher aquatic plants can directly use sunlight for photosynthesis and are called primary producers. Their production capacity is called primary productivity. A large number of studies have shown that nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and inorganic salts) are important raw materials for photosynthesis. In the fertilizer water, it contains a lot of nutrients, and it can promote photosynthesis and mass reproduction of phytoplankton under natural sunlight. In lean water, nutrients are poor, and photosynthesis is not possible even if the sun is strong enough for phytoplankton.

The material basis for the growth and reproduction of aquatic animals is simple inorganic substances dissolved in water. Aquatic animals grow by ingesting natural food organisms in the water body. Therefore, the growth of aquatic animals has a direct or indirect relationship with the inorganic salts in the water body. Every year, people harvest a large amount of aquatic products from water bodies and take away the inorganic salts in the water bodies. If measures are not taken to supplement these substances in water bodies in time, it will lead to deficits, and the circulation of aquatic water bodies will be reduced. The growth and development of food organisms are affected. Over time, the water productivity will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the content of nutrient elements (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) through fertilization, accelerate the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, promote the growth and development of zooplankton, and ensure the maximum productivity of the water body.

The following is a schematic diagram of fertilization:


Schematic diagram of fertilization (including material circulation and energy flow)
Among them: A. Indicates some organic debris in organic fertilizers;
B. indicates that fish are listed for fishing;
C. Indicates that some of the nutrients were taken away when the fish were brought on the market.
In summary, fertilization has the following purposes:
1. Develop phytoplankton in water bodies and allow them to reproduce in large numbers, providing a wide range of natural foods or secondary feeds for various farmed fishes to achieve the goal of increasing fish production.
2. Increase the organic debris in the water and use it directly for aquatic animals.

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