Highly-efficient Cultivation Techniques in Protected Areas of Tea Garden
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1. Non-coverage period (between mid-April and mid-December) Tea garden management To ensure the normal growth of tea plants and improve the quality and yield of tea during the period of coverage, tea trees that are not covered by greenhouses should be harvested less or not, and must be increased. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be used in reasonable proportions to balance the tea tree, enhance the ability to resist diseases and pests, and increase tree vigor. Drought is prone to occur in summer and autumn. Watering in time, especially watering after fertilization, is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer, but also prevents the fertilizer from damaging the root system. The greenhouse tea gardens must postpone the regular spring tea (such as light trimming, deep trimming, etc.) until the end of the spring tea, and control the height of the tree to be about 80 cm. Before covering the greenhouse, a light shear and trimming of the edge of the tree cover will be carried out to renovate the canopy of the tree crown to facilitate ventilation, light transmission, and nutrient accumulation in the tea tree to increase the yield and quality of spring tea. Generally, deep pruning is performed every 2 to 3 years, and pruning is performed 5 to 8 years to rejuvenate the tree. Avoid the deep pruning of tea gardens in autumn and winter, so as not to affect early spring buds of tea leaves. Tea trees grow under natural conditions during non-coverage periods, and there are many types of pests and diseases. The pests are mainly fleas, leafhoppers, whiteflies, moths, ulmes, tea caterpillars, etc.; the diseases mainly include tea leaf blight and tea Round spot disease and so on. For tea plant pests, use the bacterial pesticides Bacillus thuringiensis (BT emulsion), 8010, and Chlorella 6 to control lepidopteran pests such as tea caterpillars and tea locusts; use LIU yangmycin to control tea plant damage; use 10% Uranus oil 4000 times solution Prevention of whitefly pests. For diseases, use various antibiotics, such as agricultural antibiotics such as cycloheximide, polyoxin, Jinggangmycin, mold-type fungicide, kasugamycin, etc., and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 to 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution.
2. Coverage period of the greenhouse (mid-to-late December - mid-April) Tea Garden Management
(1) The optimum temperature for the growth of tea in the shed environmental management shed is 17 to 25°C, and the extreme maximum temperature is 34°C. The critical temperature for growth is about 10°C. During the day, the microclimate changes greatly in the greenhouse. The temperature in the shed before and after sunny noon may exceed 30°C. At this time, you must open the door or open the vent to cool down. When the temperature drops to 20°C, close the vent. The temperature drops rapidly at night, so you should pay attention to the insulation after sunset, especially the cold rainy days or windy weather, but also pay attention to insulation, cloudy snow cover at night and at night to keep warm. When the temperature in the shed is lower than 10°C, warm fire pits or heat preservation pits must be used, but care must be taken not to let the smoke leak into the shed to prevent the tea tree from poisoning the fallen leaves. Because the greenhouse is in a sealed state, the respiration of the tea tree and the decomposition of the organic matter in the soil will cause great changes in the gas composition in the shed, thereby affecting the growth of the tea tree. Therefore, proper ventilation should be performed every day. Generally, when the temperature of the greenhouse is not lower than 8°C, the air passage or curtain air is opened at 10 o'clock in the morning and closed at 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
(2) Tea cultivation management 1 The relative soil moisture content of 70% to 80%, the most conducive to the growth of tea, when the relative soil moisture content of more than 90%, the permeability is poor, unfavorable to the growth of tea. Therefore, the relative water content of soil in the tea garden should be controlled at 70% to 80%. According to soil conditions in the tea plantation, water is usually poured 1 time before covering, and once every 5 to 20 days. 2 Shizu base fertilizer. Due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, the tea tree's original dormant habits were changed. The ground of the tea tree is still active in autumn and winter and early spring, consumes much nutrients, and has strong ability to absorb fertilizer. Therefore, the base fertilizer must be applied before building a greenhouse. Fertilizer types should be dominated by organic fertilizer, blending certain amount of special tea tree fertilizer such as Zhongcha No.1. 3 Early application of bud fertilizer. In the greenhouse, the tea trees germinate early in the spring, and there is no threat of late frost. Therefore, early morning fertilizers should be applied early to promote the germination of overwintering buds. The germination fertilizer will be applied in mid-January. 4 top dressing. In order to promote the healthy growth and early germination of tea plants, a multi-functional leaf nutrient solution containing various nutrient elements and promoting growth is often sprayed from behind the film to before the film is uncovered. Sale) to prevent the occurrence of tea tree deficiencies in the greenhouse. 5 increase carbon dioxide gas fertilizer. The concentration of carbon dioxide that is most suitable for the growth of tea is about 1000-2000 mg/kg in sunny days and about 500-1000 mg/kg in cloudy days, which is much higher than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In sunny plastic greenhouses, photosynthesis is the strongest from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is the lowest. This often leads to a decrease in photosynthesis intensity due to the lack of carbon dioxide, which affects the growth of tea plants and tea quality. Therefore, at this time, carbon dioxide gas fertilizers should be used in greenhouse tea gardens. The method of using carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in greenhouse tea gardens is simple and easy. It can be used high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in cylinders and slowly poured into plastic bags from gas valves (sealed in plastic bags, leaving an air inlet, with a volume of about 0.5 cubic meters). After inflating and filling with carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, tie the bag, put 2 bags of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer per mu of greenhouse tea plantation, and set it aside at a distance of 9:00 a.m. every day between the tea garden rows, open the plastic bag seal, and recover it at 4 pm. The method was recharged with carbon dioxide and applied continuously. Can also apply dedicated carbon dioxide particle generator or professional gas fertilizer machine.
