Bamboo cultivation techniques

(1) The technical points summarized by the Institute of Biology of Henan Province for the cultivation of wheat straw raw materials are as follows:

1.Cultivation site The sandy loam soils with convenient drainage and irrigation are selected to be planted under forests with 80% to 90% coverage. The depths are 15 to 20 centimeters wide and 40 to 50 centimeters wide. And set.

2. The planting and sowing is selected to dry and mold the fresh wheat straw. After soaking the water (the water content is about 65%), remove and infuse the seedling material to sow, one layer of wheat straw and one strain of bacteria, and the second layer of material is two layers. The top strain accounts for 2/3 of the total seeding rate, and the seeding rate is 1 bottle of 750 ml bacteria per 5 kg of wheat straw. After seeding the second layer, put some wheat straw soaked in water. The culture material should be compacted and 2 cm above the ground.

3. The season is scheduled to be planted in North China from April to July. Sowing in April, harvesting in June-July; sowing in May, harvesting in July-August; sowing in June, harvesting in August-September; sowing in July and harvesting in September-October.

4. Fertilizer Management (1) Immediately after planting the soil, cover a 3 to 4 cm thick layer of soil. Cover particles should not be too thick and thin and require clean and fertile soil. About 20 days after sowing, when the mycelia of the bamboo shoots pass out of the surface of the soil layer, they can be re-lacquered once and thickened by 1-2 centimeters.

(2) After the sowing, the mycelium will be covered with soil, and a small arch will be placed on the surface. The height of the shed will be 30-50 cm and the width will depend on the width. The shed is covered with haystacks or old sacks, which are both windproof and shaded.

(3) Water retention The water content of the wheat straw and the water content of the soil cover layer are stable, and over-drying and over-wetting all affect the growth of mycelia. In rain-free weather, we should pay attention to spray water once every 3 to 5 days to maintain the moisture content of the soil and culture materials. When rainfall, pay attention to drainage, flooding, dig a drainage ditch along the side. Small rain covered arch covered with film. The long skirt bamboo mycelium grows well in wheat straw, and the cover layer can be penetrated at 40-50 days under natural temperature. It takes 60-65 days to grow a granular pellet from sowing to the end of the fungus.

(4) The mycelial growth is normal under the natural temperature conditions of June-September in the bacteriosphere period, and bacteria ball occurs at the tip of the mycelium on the soil surface. At the beginning, it is grainy, and it grows into soybeans in 3 to 5 days. Its size is milky white and its surface is smooth. After another 2 to 4 days, it has a peanut size, and the surface of the bacteria ball begins to appear as a bactrian cord-like bristly grayish white. After another 4–6 days, it can grow to large walnuts or large eggs. After about 16 days, the bristles are elongated and then fade. The ball is light gray or grayish brown. When the light is strong, the color of the ball is heavier and the light is weak. light. When the ball no longer grows, it indicates that it has matured.

(5) It takes 21 to 23 days for the mature ball to mature and crack. This period must focus on doing a good job of humidity management. On the one hand, it is necessary to spray water properly to increase the moisture content of the matrix from 65% to 75%; on the other hand, the relative humidity of the small ambient air that ensures the growth of the bacteria ball is more than 80%. At the same time, we must also give low light stimulation to uncover the covering on the shed for 1 hour every day. In case of windy weather, cover the shed film to prevent the ball from drying out.

The mature bacteria ball can be cracked at 22-26°C and air relative humidity of 85%-95%. The initial ball was broken at the top, and the cap and stipe were extruded from the middle. After the stipe is extended, the bacteria skirt is spit from the stipe and the cap.

5. Harvesting and processing When the opening of the mushroom skirt reaches its maximum, it shall be harvested immediately. When harvesting, the entire fruiting body was picked from the bottom of the fungus, and the cap and fungus were removed. The bacteria skirt and stipe should be kept intact and dried on a clean white cloth. When placing, pay attention to the bacterium skirt to be unfolded and the stipe straightened to obtain a neat and beautiful product. The shorter the drying time, the brighter the bamboo culm, the better the gloss. The drying method is usually dried and electrothermally dried. Roasted, dried bamboo shoots are relatively brittle and can be packaged after becoming softer after rejuvenation.

(2) The cultivation of indoor bed frames by the Guangdong Institute of Microbiology conducted a comparatively in-depth study on the biological characteristics of P. ostreatus, and summarized the pure-bred cultivation techniques of P. edulis, and the general biological efficiency reached over 70%. The technical highlights are as follows:

1. The cultivation season can be cultivated twice a year under the natural temperature conditions in the Guangzhou area. In the first half of the year, it is planted from February to early March. The buds can be differentiated from late March to mid-April and can be harvested from May to mid-June. In the second half of the year, it is planted from early August to early September. The buds can be differentiated from late September to mid-October and harvested from November to February. If there is a temperature control device in the room, it can be cultivated all year round.

In the mushroom house, bamboo, wood and other raw materials are used to build bed frames. The four-story bedstead is suitable, with a 50-centimeter distance and a bed width of 100 cm. The length depends on the condition of the mushroom house. The distance between each frame is about 70 centimeters, and it is better to be arranged in the north-south direction to facilitate ventilation.

2. The formula for the cultivation of the fungus bags was: 73% for bagasse or wood chips, 25% for bran, 1% for sucrose and calcium carbonate, 0.1% for potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% magnesium sulfate, and 65% for bagasse with water content - 70%, with wood chips 60% - 65%, pH 6.0. The preparation method is the same as conventional. Mycelium full bag time, bagasse culture material 111 days, sawdust 90 days.

3. Soil preparation for the cover soil is loose, organic-rich, and partially acidic loam soil or sandy loam soil. Generally, fertile garden soil can be used. The bamboo leaves should be fresh, dry, and not mildewy. About 1 kilogram of dried bamboo leaves should be used for a 1m2 mushroom bed. Before use, the soil and bamboo leaves should be sterilized. Apply 1 to 3 cubic centimeters of formalin plus 0.3% to 0.5% of dilute solution 27 liters to spray and mix the ingredients. After mixing and covering the film, the soil is covered with film for 4 to 5 days. The bamboo leaves are filmed for 1 to 2 days. Then the film is opened and the drug is volatilized for 1 to 2 days.

4. Crushing planting will excavate the broth with good bacteria and put it in a 35 cm x 25 cm x 6 cm or 40 cm x 30 cm x 6 cm wooden frame. Do not press too tightly so as not to damage the hyphae. Incubation of the envelope, incubation at room temperature of 20-28°C for 7-10 days, the mycelium can resume growth and link into vegetative bricks. If you use polypropylene film bag culture, you do not have to press the block until the mycelium is over the bag and then remove the film, but the thickness is still 6 cm. After the cultivar has been cultured, it is planted. The mushroom bed is covered with a film, first spread 2 cm thick soil, and then spread 2 cm thick fresh dried bamboo leaves, and then put on the bacteria, the bacteria blocks 5 - 7 cm, and finally cover 2 cm thick dry bamboo leaves and 2 - 4 cm thick soil.

5. Pre-harvest management Spray water to the mushroom bed every day after inoculation to keep the moisture content of the cover soil 15%-20% and the matrix moisture content 60%-65%. The matrix and soil layers are too wet and poorly ventilated. The hyphae largely climb to the topsoil and cause leggy; if the stems are too dry, the mycelium will not grow on the surface of the soil layer, but will differentiate in the soil and have less bacterial buds. Mushroom air humidity is best maintained at 75%-85%, should not be too low or too high. Mushrooms should also be well ventilated and well lit.

6. After the mushroom is managed, the spray water should be kept away from the mushroom bed to prevent the fog point from falling and hurting the bud. Mushroom air humidity is maintained at 85%-95%. When the temperature is low, it is necessary to warm it up. You can use the window ventilation when the temperature is high at noon; when the temperature is high, it can be ventilated and cooled. After the formation of the primordium, the nutrient solution was sprayed once every 10 days (1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate, 110 mg of vitamin B, 5 g of glucose or sucrose, and 1000 ml of water) and sprayed for 3 to 4 times. For 500-1000 ml/m2, spray light water after spraying l, can increase production and quality.

Planting in the first half of the year due to low temperatures (14–20°C) and 50–60 days of priming, the entire growth period is 110–130 days; the planting temperature in the second half of the year (23–30°C) can be seen within 30–40 days. The original base, the cycle is only 100-11O days.

(3) The cultivation of bamboo shoots with reed materials is better for the cultivation of bamboo shoots with reed culms. The cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Site cultivation sites should be selected to be warm in winter, cool in summer, moist in leeches, well-watered, well-drained, sandy loam soils rich in organic matter, and can also be used in open spaces behind houses, orchards and trees. Before the material is spread, loosen the soil and prepare the soil. It is 15-20 cm deep and 80-100 cm wide. After leveling the surface, spray or sprinkle with 0.5% dichlorvos and lime powder to disinfect insects in and around the loquat bottom.

2. Ingredients were formulated with 79% reed stalk, 10% reed stalk, 10% bran, plus 1% superphosphate and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After reed stalks are fully dried in the sun, they are immersed in 3% lime water for 5-7 days after rolling. Remove and rinse with water to remove alkali. Drain the moisture content to about 65%. After dissolving calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water, they are mixed well with reed crumbs and bran and stored 8-12 hours before use.

3. Sowing in the whole hoe, first spread 10 cm thick soaked reed stalks, then spread about 4 cm thick reed crumbs, bran mixture, slightly compacted after sowing. Using sowing method, the strains were sowed in the reed bran mixed layer. Use 2 bottles per square meter (weighing about 500 grams). After sowing, the bed was covered with 0.5 to 1 cm thick wet straw and covered with plastic film.

4. Management (1) After 10-15 days of sowing on the soil, when the mycelium is eaten up to 80%, remove the thin film and cover the sandy loam containing 4 cm thick organic matter. The size of the soil should be moderate.

(2) Shade When the mycelium is covered with soil and climbed onto the soil surface, a 30-50 cm high arch shed is constructed on the raft. The shed is covered with a straw shade and moisturized.

(3) Temperature control and humidity do not need to pay for water within one month after sowing. After one month, the water is dispersed and lost. The surface soil is dry and artificial watering is performed. The entire soil layer must be leached to prevent the table from being wet and dry. The temperature is controlled at 23-28 °C. After budding, attention was paid to spray water on the bacterial bed and the shed wall. The relative humidity of the air was increased to more than 85% and the temperature was controlled at 22-20°C. During the growth and development of the buds, water spray should be strengthened to maintain the air humidity at 90 to 95%, the temperature at 20 to 32°C, and the optimum temperature at 26 to 28°C. The bacterial buds can be quickly grown, and the fruiting bodies can break through the buds to open their skirts.

(D) Cotton cultivating bamboo cultivars use bamboo stalks to directly cultivating long skirts and bamboo culms. The cotton stalks used are not chopped, crushed, or added with excipients. They can be directly used for cultivation only after rolling and immersion. As long as the temperature is suitable, about 70 days from sowing to harvesting, 1 square meter can produce dry goods 250-300 grams. The cultivation techniques of the Institute of Food and Medicinal Plants in Yichang, Hubei Province are as follows:

1. In the cultivation season, long-tailed bamboo poles can be cultivated all year round, especially in the spring season. When harvesting in the year of cultivation, 2 surges can be harvested. In the summer, the addition of arbors has the fastest results, and it takes only 65-70 days from sowing to harvesting. Early autumn cultivation can receive 1 tide in the year. After the winter management, the annual output is higher. Winter surface temperature can still be cultivated at 5°C, supplemented with antifreeze insulation measures, and 3-4 tides will be received in the coming year. One time cultivation can be harvested for 2-3 years.

2. Cotton stalks will be treated with a mildew-free cotton stalk for 2 days. The squeezing results in cracking of the cotton stalks and softening of the stalks. The cotton stalks are scalloped and shake off dust and residue. Soak in clean water for 24 hours and pick up accumulated drains. Drops without water droplets can be used for cultivation.

3. The site for a long skirt bamboo pole suitable for slightly acidic (pH4.5 ~ 5.5) soil growth, so the cultivation site should not infiltrate the alkaline substances such as lime. The cultivation site requires loose and fertile soil. You can choose a slope that is about 80% in shade or a field that is covered with grapevines. After deep-turning, the width is 1.4 meters, the depth is 20 centimeters, and the length is not limited. For example, a 20-centimeter-long earthworm branching bed is set to 2 feet, and the excavation is 20 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters deep. Drains. A 0.1% potassium permanganate solution was poured on the boring bed to wet the loess soil.

4. The sowing method adopts the sowing method of three layers of cotton stalks and three layers of bacteria, and the cotton stalks are evenly laid and evenly distributed. The cotton bar is 25 cm thick per square meter, the dry weight is about 20 kg, and 3 kg of seeding bacteria (15% of the material weight is used). That is, the bottom layer of the cotton bar is 5 cm thick, 30% of the seed bacteria; the middle layer is 10 cm thick, 50% of the seed bacteria; the upper layer is 10 cm thick and the seed bacteria is 20%. The bed surface was flat and compacted. The cover soil was 3 cm thick. A 0.1% potassium permanganate solution was sprayed on the wetted cover soil. The loose hay covered with 15 cm thick was covered with a full trampoline and the drain was dredged.

5. As long as there is no heavy rain and no waterlogging, there is no need for special management, so let it grow naturally. After 1 week, inspect the colonization of the bacteria and the growth of the mycelia, and use a method of reducing or increasing the thickness of the bed grass or covering the overlying membrane on the covered layer, and control the bed temperature 20-30 °C, and maintain the relative humidity of the air 65- 75%, generally about 30 days of mycelium can penetrate through the cotton rod kinks out of the soil.

6. Mushroom management When the surface of the trampoline has been seen in the pellicle, remove the bed cover, cover film to cover the bow membrane, drain water storage and bed surface water to increase the relative humidity of the bacteria bed to 85%; maintain the temperature 15 - 35°C. When the temperature is too high, the bow membrane is exposed and the shade of the bow membrane is covered with shade, and at night, there is no rain to remove the film and cool down; when the film is too low, the film is kept warm. After budding, the humidity is increased to 95%, and sufficient water is used to promote the expansion of the bud to form an egg and break the eggshell to open the skirt.

7. Timely collection of long dresses from bamboo shoots from buds and buds to the formation of bacterial eggs to broken eggshells (skin egg layer cracks) skirt takes about 20-25 days; and the bacteria eggs broken shell to bacteria skirt fully developed Fruiting bodies mature only 4-6 hours. When the eggs grow into egg size, they should be checked every 9-11 hours, 14-16 hours, 2 times to see if the eggs are broken. See the formation of the fungus net and the bacteria skirts will be harvested when they are completely unfolded. Separation loss, loss of product value, and production loss. When harvesting, use a knife to cut the mycelial from the bottom of the fungus, peel off the lid and the fungus, and dry the oil layer on the mesh screen or dry it.

8. Pest control skirt bamboo poles are particularly resistant to insects and are generally free from contamination with bacteria. After infection with grass ash can be eradicated. Insect pests are mainly ant species. Once discovered, they can be controlled by mirex and mixed sand, and they can also be killed by “killing spirits”.

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