About the principle and precautions of autoclave
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Autoclaving kills all microorganisms including spores, and is a sterilization method with good sterilization effect and wide application. The method is to place the items to be sterilized in an autoclave, the steam does not overflow when heated, and the temperature in the pressure cooker increases as the vapor pressure increases. Under a vapor pressure of 103.4 kPa (1.05 kg/cm2), the temperature reached 121.3 ° C for 15 to 20 minutes. It is suitable for sterilization of common media, saline, surgical instruments, glass containers, syringes, dressings, etc.
The high pressure steam sterilizer is classified into two types: a lower pressure steam sterilizer and a pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizer. The lower row pressure steam sterilizer includes both portable and horizontal.
(1) The lower exhaust pressure steam sterilizer has a vent hole at the lower portion. When sterilizing, the difference in specific gravity of the hot and cold air is utilized, and the cold air is forced to be discharged from the bottom vent hole by the vapor pressure at the upper portion of the container. The temperature, pressure and time required for sterilization vary depending on the type of sterilizer, the nature of the item, and the size of the package. When the pressure is between 102.97 and 137.30 kPa, the temperature can reach 121 to 126 ° C, and the sterilization purpose can be achieved within 15 to 30 minutes.
(2) Pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizer, equipped with a vacuum pump, vacuums the inside before introducing steam to form a negative pressure to facilitate steam penetration. At a pressure of 105.95 kPa, the temperature can reach 132 ° C, and it can be sterilized in 4 to 5 minutes.
Precautions 1) The sterilization package should not be too tight or too tight (the volume should not exceed 30cm × 30cm × 30cm), and the total amount of articles placed in the sterilizer should not exceed 85% of the volume of the sterilizer cabinet. There is a gap between the packages to facilitate the circulation of steam and the infiltration into the center of the package. The steam is quickly discharged during the exhaust to keep the articles dry. (2) The container containing the item should have a hole. If there is no hole, the container cover should be opened.
(3) Cloth items are placed on metal and enamel items.
(4) The sterilized items should be dried before they can be taken out for use.
(5) Before the sterilization pot is sealed, the cold air should be fully emptied.
(6) Observe the pressure and temperature at any time.
(7) Pay attention to safe operation. Before each sterilization, check whether the sterilizer is in good working condition. After the sterilization is completed, the pressure should not be too strong, and the pressure gauge can return to the “0†position before the lid or door can be opened.