The pharmacological effects of leech
ã€Pharmacological effects】 Leech itself has a high value for medicine. After drying, it is used as a medicine. It contains hirudin and abundant protein, as well as the effect of promoting blood circulation, dispersing phlegm, and passing through. Often used in amenorrhea, bloody abdominal pain, bruises and other symptoms. 1. Anticoagulant effect: water The water extract of 0.45g/kg for 4 hours after gavage and continuous gavage for 7 days have significant inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rats, and can reduce the specific viscosity of whole blood and the specific viscosity of plasma and shorten the electrophoresis time of red blood cells. In vitro test, leech extract 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml have significant inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy people. Hirudin is a thrombin inhibitor, containing 10 to 400 antithrombin units per milligram of hirudin; hirudin has a preventive effect on bacterial thrombosis induced by bacterial endotoxin and can reduce mortality in rats; It can also enhance the effect of thrombin-induced isolated frog heart contractility. 2. Improve microcirculation: 2g/kg intravenous injection of leech injection can promote experimental hematoma absorption of acute cerebral hemorrhage, reduce inflammation and edema around the brain tissue, relieve intracranial pressure, improve local circulation, is conducive to neurological function The recovery; the experimental hematoma local rabbit ears also promote absorption. 3. Anti-pregnancy effect: 40% minced water decoction 2.5 ~ 3.0g/kg subcutaneous injection, continuous 2 days, the pregnancy of each stage of the mouse including implantation and early, middle and late pregnancy termination effect, but the effect of the most early pregnancy Good; If exogenous progesterone is injected at the same time as leeches, it can counter the anti-pregnancy effect of leeches. Main components Mainly contains protein. Also contains iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements. The saliva of fresh mink contains an anticoagulant substance known as Hirudin, which belongs to the class of polypeptides and has an anticoagulant effect due to its absence of tryptophan and arginine in its molecular composition. However, hirudin has been destroyed in dried herbs. The saliva of saliva also secretes histamine-like substances, heparin, and anti-thromboxanes, which have a synergistic effect with hirudin. Pharmacology 1. Effect on blood Hirudin can prevent the action of thrombin on fibrin and prevent blood coagulation. Hirudin is not damaged by heat or ethanol. Mink can still secrete a histamine-like substance, which can dilate capillaries and increase bleeding. The effects of the hydrosalm alcohol extract on inhibiting blood coagulation were stronger than those of aphids, insects, and peach kernels, and the effect of the hydrostigatic alcohol preparation was stronger than that of the water preparation. Hirudin 20mg prevents the coagulation of 100g of human blood. The water extract of leech had a significant inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats, and it also significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in normal people and had antithrombotic effects. Experiments show that: leeches have a strong fibrinolytic effect on fibrin in vitro, its activity is significantly higher than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza and rhubarb; also has fibrinolytic activity in vivo, can significantly reduce the rabbit leucovorin lysis time (ELT). Therefore, blisters can activate fibrinolytic system and dissolve thrombus. It has also been reported that hirudin has a significant inhibitory effect on experimental thrombosis and has a dissolving effect on thrombin-induced experimental venous thrombosis. Mink water extract can reduce the rat's whole blood viscosity and plasma specific viscosity. Reduce red cell electrophoresis time. Clinical studies have shown that Minamata improves the thick, sticky, and aggregated state of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease due to abnormal blood rheology. 2. Effects on the cardiovascular system Reports have pointed out that leeches have a certain degree of increase in nutrient blood flow to the myocardium and have a protective effect on tissue ischemia and hypoxia. Hirudin can counteract the coronary artery spasm induced by pituitrin in rabbits and has a therapeutic effect on inhibiting myocardial ischemia. Hydra can significantly abrogate the atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta, causing hyperplasia of collagen fibers within the plaque and a decrease in cholesterol crystals. It suggests that leeches have potential application value for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Hydra expands capillaries, improves microcirculation, and increases renal blood flow. Its role in improving microcirculation is similar to that of heparin, but its effect is brief. Experiments have shown that leeches have the effect of expanding peripheral blood vessels, increasing blood flow, and reducing vascular resistance. This effect is similar to that of papaverine hydrochloride. 3. Effect on pregnancy Experiments have shown that leeches have termination of pregnancy in all stages of pregnancy (including implantation, early, middle and late stages of pregnancy). Different routes of administration have a good termination effect on early pregnancy. If exogenous progesterone is injected simultaneously with leeches, premature delivery can be prevented. Hydra inhibits decidual lesions. 4, other roles Hydrazine significantly reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in experimental hyperlipidemia rabbits. Hirudin has an inhibitory effect on tumor cells and has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of liver cancer in mice. Due to the high anticoagulant effect of blisters, it is beneficial for anticancer drugs and immunocompetent cells to invade cancer cells and kill cancer cells. 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