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The soft-shelled turtle, also known as the *Trionyx* or "king of eight," is a fascinating reptile with a body length ranging from 18 to 24 cm. Its head is grayish in color, and it has a long, protruding snout. The back is flat and oval-shaped, with an olive-green hue. The underside of the turtle is covered in soft skin, and the flexible skin around the edge of the shell is called the "skirt." When this skirt moves from side to side, the turtle can quickly bury itself in the sand for protection. It has strong limbs and is capable of swimming swiftly. Soft-shelled turtles are oviparous, laying eggs between May and August each year. They typically come ashore at night, using their hind legs to dig holes in soft sand, where they lay 9 to 15 eggs at a time. After laying the eggs, they cover them with mud, and the incubation period lasts about two months.
These turtles usually inhabit the bottom of rivers and lakes, often basking in the sun. Their diet includes various benthic organisms such as snails, clams, fish, and shrimp. From November to March of the following year, they hibernate in the silt at the bottom of rivers. Soft-shelled turtles are considered a rare and popular aquatic food due to their delicious meat, and their shells are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Soft-shelled turtles are naturally timid and prefer quiet, secluded environments. Even the slightest noise can startle them, causing them to quickly dive into the water. A shadow from a bird flying overhead can also disturb them, affecting their feeding and habitat. However, they are not afraid of light and will not flee when exposed to a flashlight at night.
They are sensitive to water pollution and require clean, clear water with a transparency of about 30 cm, high dissolved oxygen levels, no odor, and a certain amount of plankton. The ideal water color is brown-green. These turtles are also sensitive to temperature—too much heat or cold can affect their activity. They prefer sunny, well-ventilated areas and enjoy basking in the sun, which is quite unique among many amphibians and reptiles that typically prefer dark, cool habitats.
Earthworms, which are often confused with soft-shelled turtles, are hypothermic animals. Their growth is directly influenced by ambient temperature. When the water temperature drops below 20°C, they stop feeding and eventually enter hibernation. Above 35°C, their activities and eating habits are affected, and at temperatures above 38°C, they stop eating altogether and seek shelter in the water or shaded areas. The optimal growth temperature is between 28°C and 32°C, with the ideal water temperature being 30°C. Their basic survival range is from 10°C to 40°C. Studies show that at 30°C, earthworms grow the fastest and have the lowest feed conversion rate.
They are also sensitive to wind, especially cold winds, and prefer sunny conditions. Additionally, they are not tolerant of salt. As freshwater creatures, they are highly sensitive to salinity. If the salinity of the water exceeds 5 parts per thousand, their growth is negatively impacted. In aquaculture, the salinity is generally kept below 1 part per thousand.
In addition to being sensitive to environmental conditions, soft-shelled turtles are omnivorous, eating a wide variety of foods. They are very greedy but also highly resistant to hunger, able to survive for up to six months without food. This adaptability makes them resilient in different environments.