The broodstock breeding ponds should be located in areas with rich soil micronutrients, ensuring a healthy and productive environment for fish reproduction. The water source must be of high quality, with good drainage and irrigation systems in place. The water should be fresh, free from industrial pollution, and receive ample sunlight. Additionally, the ponds should not be too far from spawning pools and hatcheries to facilitate easy transportation and management.
Typically, the pond area should range between 3 to 5 acres. A rectangular shape oriented in the north-south direction is ideal, as it allows for better water circulation and easier management. The pond bottom should be flat and free of silt, especially for species like grass carp and bluefish, which require clean and firm substrates for spawning. This also makes it easier to manage and catch fish using pull nets.
Pond clearing is generally done once a year using conventional methods. This involves removing excess silt, leveling the pond floor, reinforcing the embankments, and disinfecting the area to eliminate pathogens. It’s also important to remove wild fish that may compete for resources or disrupt the breeding process. Ecological breeding techniques are encouraged to maintain a balanced ecosystem within the pond.
By understanding the ecological characteristics of different fish species—such as their habitat preferences, feeding behaviors, and life cycles—it's possible to implement more effective stocking strategies. Rather than relying on arbitrary numbers, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches ensures optimal conditions for broodstock development. For instance, blackfish are often kept in broodstock ponds to naturally control the population of wild fish, acting as a biological control method. This approach not only improves productivity but also supports sustainable aquaculture practices.
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