The *Coprinus comatus*, commonly known as the shaggy ink cap, is a moderate-temperature mushroom species that thrives in temperatures ranging from 12°C to 25°C. With proper understanding of its biological traits and optimal environmental conditions, it's entirely possible to cultivate fresh and flavorful mushrooms even during the summer months. This method is particularly suitable for large-scale production, with ideal cultivation areas ranging from 300 to 1000 square meters.
To begin, the cultivation site should be carefully planned. The bed trenches should be dug 0.2 meters deep, 1.4 meters wide, and up to 20 meters long. Strain spacing should be at least 0.8 meters apart, with a wide road (4–6 meters) every 6 miles to allow easy access for vehicles. For smaller plots under 500 square meters, such roads are not necessary.
A shaded structure should then be erected over the cultivation area, with the awning placed 2.5 to 3 meters above the ground. The shade must be fully enclosed and opaque to block direct sunlight. A layer of plastic film is added on top to prevent rain from entering, and a first layer of shade netting is placed above that. The edges of the awning should extend at least 3 meters beyond the cultivation area, ensuring that sunlight between 9 AM and 4 PM does not directly hit the growing medium. In spring, long-vining plants like melons, chayotes, gourds, and pumpkins can be planted around the shed to provide additional natural shading.
Humidification systems are essential for maintaining the right moisture levels. Spray pipes with one-way nozzles should be installed around the awning, with double-nozzle lines placed every 4–5 meters. These sprayers help maintain a moist environment within the shaded area. It’s important to test the system in the field to ensure there are no dry spots. Each section of the piping should have a valve so that nozzles downwind can be closed when there’s wind.
Insect control is also crucial. The entire awning should be covered with fine mesh netting to prevent pests from entering the growing area.
For the soil preparation, use fertile garden soil or greenhouse soil. Mix 200 kg of well-fermented cow dung and chicken manure, along with 10 kg of urea, into every 1000 kg of soil. After mixing thoroughly, spray the mixture with a 600-fold dilution of phoxim solution, then cover it. After 5–7 days, open the pile, add 30 kg of lime powder, mix again, and let it rest for another 7 days before use. Approximately 2 cubic meters of this prepared soil is needed for every 100 square meters of growing area.
The base material should be processed using standard methods, with bagging and germination required. To promote better growth, the germination period should be extended beyond 30 days. Once ready, the bags are removed, and the spawn is planted into the prepared soil following conventional techniques. Under natural temperature conditions, the air humidity under the awning should be maintained at about 80% on average.
Several key points should be kept in mind: First, the relative humidity should not exceed 95%, ideally staying around 75%. Second, misting should be done in small, repeated sprays to avoid water droplets forming on the fruit bodies. Third, the covering soil should be 2 cm thick; for larger mushrooms, increase it to 4–5 cm. Finally, if strong winds occur, windbreaks or plastic sheets can be installed on the side of the awning. No special measures are needed when wind speed is between 3 and 4 levels.
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