The *Coprinus comatus*, commonly known as the shaggy ink cap, is a moderate-temperature mushroom species that thrives in temperatures ranging from 12°C to 25°C. With proper understanding of its biological characteristics and by creating the ideal growing conditions, it is entirely possible to cultivate fresh and flavorful mushrooms even during the summer months. This method is particularly effective when all environmental factors are carefully controlled.
This cultivation technique is well-suited for large-scale production, with an optimal field size between 300 to 1,000 square meters. For efficient management, the planting area should be designed with proper spacing and accessibility. The bed trenches should be dug to a depth of 0.2 meters, 1.4 meters wide, and up to 20 meters long. Each strain should be spaced at least 0.8 meters apart, and a main road of 4 to 6 meters should be reserved every 6 miles to allow easy access for vehicles. For smaller plots under 500 square meters, such a central path may not be necessary.
A shade structure is essential to protect the mushrooms from direct sunlight. A canopy should be erected 2.5 to 3 meters above the growing area, fully covered with opaque material to block sunlight. A layer of plastic film is added on top to prevent rainwater from entering, while a first layer of shade netting is placed above the plastic. The edges of the shade structure should extend more than 3 meters beyond the cultivation area to ensure that sunlight between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. does not directly hit the crop. In spring, it's recommended to plant climbing plants like cucumbers, chayote, gourds, or pumpkins around the shed to provide additional natural shading.
To maintain humidity, a misting system should be installed around the awning. Spray pipes equipped with one-way nozzles should be placed along the perimeter, with double-nozzle lines every 4 to 5 meters inside the structure. These nozzles help keep the air moist without over-saturating the environment. Before installation, the system should be tested to avoid any dead zones. Additionally, valves should be placed on both sides of the piping so that nozzles on the downwind side can be closed when wind is strong.
Insect protection is crucial. The entire structure should be enclosed with fine mesh nets to prevent pests from entering and damaging the crop.
For the soil preparation, use fertile garden soil or greenhouse soil. Mix 200 kg of fermented cow manure and chicken manure, along with 10 kg of urea, into every 1,000 kg of soil. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture with a 600-fold solution of phoxim, then cover it. After 5 to 7 days, open the pile, add 30 kg of lime powder, mix again, form a heap, cover with plastic, and let it rest for 7 days before use. For every 100 square meters of growing area, prepare about 2 cubic meters of this prepared soil.
The base material should be processed using conventional methods, including bagging and germination. To enhance yield, the germination period should be extended to at least 30 days. Afterward, remove the bags and place the mycelium into the prepared soil, covering it with a 2 cm layer of soil. For larger mushrooms, increase the cover thickness to 4–5 cm. Maintain an average relative humidity of 80% under the awning under natural temperature conditions.
Key considerations include: (1) Keep the air humidity below 95%, ideally around 75%. (2) Water misting should be done in small, repeated doses to avoid water droplets forming on the fruit bodies. (3) Ensure the soil cover is consistent and appropriate for the desired mushroom size. (4) If strong winds occur, install windbreaks or plastic sheets on the shaded side. No special measures are needed when wind speed is between 3 and 4 levels.
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