Acer palmiformis rearing artificial breeding technology
Foshan Ja Suo Medical Device Co., LTD , https://www.jasuodental.com
Acipenser schrencki, commonly known as the Amur sturgeon, is native to the Heilongjiang River basin and is a freshwater fish with significant economic value and potential for aquaculture. In 1998, it was introduced into southern aquaculture systems, specifically in Castanopsis kawakamii seedling farms, to take advantage of the favorable climate, clean water, and abundant natural feed in the South. This initiative aimed to promote rapid growth and develop a new, high-quality aquaculture species. After six months of cultivation, the maximum weight recorded was 0.78 kg. The following are the key technical measures implemented during the process.
First, breeding conditions were carefully set up. The aquaculture ponds were cement pools renovated from former European oak breeding facilities, each measuring 15m by 15m with a depth of 1 meter. Each pond was equipped with a waterwheel aerator to ensure proper oxygenation. The water source came from surface sand-filtered fresh water, which was free from pollution and suitable for fish rearing.
Second, before stocking, the ponds were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected using a 300 ppm potassium permanganate solution. A total of 3,400 Amur sturgeon were stocked into two ponds, resulting in a density of approximately 9 fish per square meter. On the day of stocking, both the fish and the water were disinfected to prevent disease outbreaks.
Third, feeding strategies were strictly followed. Juveniles were initially fed silkworms until they reached 10–12 cm in length, after which they were gradually transitioned to formulated baits to establish a consistent feeding pattern. Feeding followed three principles: qualitative, quantitative, and timing-based.
Qualitatively, silkworms were washed and sterilized with salt and antibacterial agents to prevent disease transmission. The formulated baits were designed to be palatable, nutritionally balanced, and enriched with additives to support growth and enhance disease resistance. Quantitatively, feeding rates were adjusted based on fish weight. For fish weighing 5–200 g, the bait rate was 10%–4%, while for those over 200 g, it dropped to 4%–2.5%. Fish should consume their food within 15 minutes.
Timing-wise, live baits were provided 6–8 times daily, while artificial feed was given 3–4 times, always at consistent intervals to maintain a regular routine.
Fourth, water quality management was crucial. Water was changed daily, with the volume adjusted according to fish size and seasonal changes—typically 50% to 100% of the pond’s volume. Dissolved oxygen levels were maintained above 5 mg/L, and the pond was cleaned every other day. Water temperature was measured daily, along with physical and chemical parameters, and all data were recorded. Regular inspections were conducted to detect and address any abnormalities promptly.
Fifth, water temperature control was essential for optimal growth. Amur sturgeon thrive best in temperatures between 18°C and 22°C. Shading structures were installed in summer to prevent direct sunlight. Throughout the entire culture period, only during the feed conversion phase did the fish experience a slight drop in growth rate due to dietary changes. All other stages showed normal development. After six months, the average weight reached 0.507 kg, with an average daily weight gain of 2.8 grams.
Lastly, disease prevention was prioritized. Although A. schrencki has strong disease resistance, preventive measures were taken to avoid sudden outbreaks, especially for fish under 150 g. Hemorrhagic disease caused by Aeromonas was a major concern due to its high contagion and mortality rate. To prevent this, disinfectants like chlorine dioxide and furazolidone were used every 5–10 days, and antibiotics were added to the feed regularly. Supplements such as vitamin C and E were also included to boost immunity. Once the fish reached 150 g, disease incidence significantly decreased.
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