In order to produce high-quality, renowned green tea, fertilization is a crucial agricultural practice. Beyond meeting the nutritional needs of tea plants, it's essential to consider both economic returns and environmental sustainability. Tea garden fertilization must align with the standards for pollution-free cultivation, aiming to conserve resources, improve efficiency, reduce losses, and minimize environmental impact while ensuring that the final product remains safe and of high quality. Therefore, fertilization should be based on the specific nutrient requirements of tea plants, taking into account soil fertility, variety characteristics, and the age of the tea plants. By adopting a flexible and scientific approach, balanced nutrition can be achieved, leading to optimal growth and maximum economic value in premium tea production.
The key to effective tea tree fertilization lies in "observing" — observing the environment, the trees, and the soil.
Observing the weather is vital. For example, during early spring when famous teas are harvested, the weather can be unpredictable. If urea is applied before heavy rain, a significant portion of the nitrogen will be lost due to leaching. To avoid this, it's better to use ammonium sulfate or ammonium bicarbonate, which are less prone to washout. These fertilizers perform better when not immediately followed by rain. Additionally, biological bacterial fertilizers, such as those containing nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and potassium-releasing bacteria, also provide organic matter, humic acid, and trace elements. They can be combined with other fertilizers at any stage of the tea plant's growth. High-quality microbial fertilizers like Kumba Fertilizer not only reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer needed but also help improve soil structure, increase microbial activity, and enhance long-term soil health.
Observing the tree is equally important. Different tea varieties have different growth patterns. Early budding varieties should be fertilized earlier to support rapid recovery, while late budding varieties should be fertilized later to match their growth cycle. Using microbial seed coatings, such as Goldfish Microbial Fertilizer, can also enhance early growth and root development.
Observing the soil helps determine the best fertilization strategy. In acidic tea gardens, it's best to avoid acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers. In neutral soils, acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers are more suitable. For sandy soils, adding lake mud, pond sludge, or manure like pig manure can improve water retention and fertility. For heavy clay soils, organic materials such as hay, sheep dung, or rabbit manure are preferable. These organic materials should be properly fermented using professional compost starters (like Kimpo Starter) to reduce nutrient loss and eliminate harmful bacteria, eggs, and pathogens.
Finally, understanding the characteristics of each fertilizer is essential. Ammonium bicarbonate tends to volatilize quickly, so it should be applied carefully and can be mixed with superphosphate to reduce loss. Urea and compound fertilizers should be applied early and kept dry to maintain effectiveness. Chlorine-containing fertilizers should be avoided if possible, or used in very small quantities. Incorporating products like Golden Booster during each growth cycle can boost plant productivity and enhance overall tea quality.
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