Spring is the crucial initial phase for red pomelo, honeydew, and other citrus trees, marking the development of new shoots, flower buds, and the onset of flowering and fruiting. During this period, factors such as pests, nutrient deficiencies, and drought can significantly impact shoot growth, flower quality, and fruit set. This stage plays a vital role in determining the annual yield, making it essential to implement timely and effective spring management practices. These include promoting strong shoot development, enhancing flower fertility, increasing fruit set, and ultimately achieving a bountiful harvest. Below are key strategies for effective spring care.
First, apply spring fertilizer at the right time. Timely application of nutrients is critical for developing vigorous shoots, strong flowers, and higher fruit set. For every 100 kg of fruit produced, apply 2.5 kg of SanYuan compound fertilizer or 7 kg of urea and 2 kg of potassium in two separate applications, ideally during the "Spring" to "Vernal Equinox" period.
Second, thinning and pruning are essential. Red pomelo trees often produce excessive flowers, which can lead to inefficient nutrient use. Thinning weak or sparse flowers helps improve the quality of remaining blooms, reduces tree load, and enhances fruit size and market value. This should be done from late February to early March, focusing on removing weak branches while retaining strong ones. Typically, 4–5 healthy flowers per branch are kept, with careful attention to balance across the tree.
Additionally, proper thinning of the canopy improves air circulation and light penetration, reducing disease risk. It also helps control excessive growth, ensuring that young shoots and short branches—key for next year’s fruiting—are preserved. Only up to 5% of new shoots should be removed to maintain leaf coverage and support photosynthesis.
Topping the growing tips of branches also promotes better fruit set by redirecting energy toward fruit development. This is typically done when shoots reach 12–18 cm, leaving 4–6 leaves to encourage more efficient nutrient allocation.
Third, protecting blossoms and young fruits is vital. Spring conditions, including rain, high temperatures, and drought, can harm flowering and reduce fruit set. To mitigate these risks, ensure strong mother branches are developed through proper pruning and nutrient management. Spraying trace elements like boron and phosphorus before flowering can enhance bloom quality and protect against environmental stress.
Maintaining adequate moisture and temperature during flowering is also important. Avoid spraying water directly on trees, as this can increase humidity and promote disease. Instead, water the ground to keep the root zone moist, supporting healthy flower development and improving fruit set.
In cases of extreme weather, secondary ring cutting can be used to preserve fruit. This involves carefully cutting a ring around a branch to reduce fruit drop without harming the tree. The decision to cut depends on the tree’s vigor and flower load, ensuring no unnecessary damage occurs.
Finally, pest and disease control must not be overlooked. In early spring, spider mites are active, and diseases like anthracnose and greasy spot can spread quickly. Early preventive sprays, such as using special miticides or copper-based solutions, can help protect the crop. Regular monitoring and timely chemical treatments are essential to prevent outbreaks and ensure healthy growth.
By implementing these comprehensive spring management techniques, growers can significantly improve the health of their pomelo trees, leading to stronger growth, better flowering, and a higher yield of quality fruit.
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