The black fungus (also known as *Auricularia auricula-judae*) cultivation technology using plastic bags is a modern and innovative method that has gained significant attention in recent years due to growing global demand for edible fungi. Recognized by the National Science and Technology Commission, it has been designated as a "National Key Scientific and Technological Achievement Key Promotion Project." This technique was first introduced to the Zhangye region in 1999, where it successfully passed its initial demonstration phase. Since then, it has become widely adopted across various regions. This article is based on my two-year experience in conducting experiments, demonstrations, and production practices, aimed at providing valuable insights for technical professionals and mushroom enthusiasts.
Before starting the bag preparation process, it's essential to ensure that the environment is suitable—adequate temperature, humidity, and good ventilation are key. Typically, the mycelium will fully colonize the bag within about 50 days. When the mycelium fills the bag or reaches 1–2 cm from the bottom, it’s time to begin the "pocketing" stage. To prepare for this, two important steps must be taken:
1.1 **Curtain Preparation**: Use straw or wheat straw to create a curtain-like structure. The dimensions should be approximately 2 meters long, 1.25 meters wide, and 3 cm thick. Secure the straw with hemp ropes or fishing nets, ensuring tight packing. This curtain helps provide shade, retain heat, and maintain moisture during the growth process.
1.2 **Ear Bed Preparation**: Construct a shallow ditch ear bed. The ditch should be 1.10 meters wide and 25–30 cm deep, with no restrictions on length. The bed must be flat, uniformly deep, and densely packed with soil. After construction, water the bed thoroughly once to ensure it absorbs enough moisture. Mix 40% phoxim with water and apply it through a watering tube to control underground pests. Once the surface of the bed is firm enough to walk on, spray it with a 500-fold solution of *A. Chitobuzu* for disinfection. Immediately after that, proceed with bagging. At the same time, soak the straws in a 500-fold solution of thiophanate-methyl to prevent contamination.
Next, place the bags in rows, focusing on positioning them close to the ear bed. Use a scraper or scalpel to clean the mouth of the bag, keeping the blade sharp and free from contamination. Create a "V"-shaped cut on the back of the bag (this allows the bag material to separate more easily). The angle of the cut should be between 45° and 60°, with each incision measuring 2–2.5 cm in length and about 0.5 cm deep. Each bag should have 2–3 layers, with 4 cuts per layer, resulting in 8–12 total openings arranged in a "goods" pattern. After cutting, place the bags and cover them with straw. To encourage rapid primordium formation, concentrate the bags closely, spacing them 1 cm apart. Maintain the bed temperature between 15–25°C and keep the humidity above 80%. As the primordium develops, you'll see the emergence of sawtooth-shaped ear buds. At this point, increase the distance between bags to 8–10 cm, placing 25 bags per square meter in a "goods" layout. Install wooden poles or wires vertically every 50 cm above the trench, and cover the beds with grass curtains for proper management.
When making the cuts, avoid any unnecessary actions. Do not cut if there's no mycelium present, do not scratch the bag if it's contaminated, do not damage the bag material when separating, avoid thinning the mouth, don’t over-stimulate the original base, and never cut during rainy weather. These precautions help maintain the integrity of the growing medium and promote healthy fungal development.
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