To ensure a successful late-maturing tomato cultivation, it is essential to begin with the selection of high-quality, disease-resistant varieties. Varieties such as Terry Peak, Shuangkang, Yapeng 58, Zhongshe No. 4, and Jiafen No. 10 are commonly used, with Wool 802 being increasingly popular for post-harvest delay in recent years. Choosing the right variety not only improves yield but also enhances resistance to common diseases.
Next, determining the appropriate sowing date is crucial. This should be based on the arrival of the first frost, typically around 100 to 110 days before the last expected frost. In North China, planting usually occurs in mid-July. Timing is key to avoid early frost damage and ensure optimal growth conditions.
Transplanting can sometimes lead to root damage and increased risk of virus infection. Therefore, direct seeding is often preferred. It minimizes root disturbance, preserves seedlings, reduces virus infestation, and promotes stronger growth. Additionally, direct seeding saves time and allows for better plant development from the start.
Using greenhouses with high-temperature and anti-aging films helps protect young plants from harsh weather. From the seedling stage, covering the greenhouse ensures protection against rain, excessive heat, and soil erosion, promoting healthy growth. To further prevent disease and ensure robust seedlings, several measures are taken:
First, maintaining a clean environment and properly preparing the soil is vital. Organic fertilizers, such as 2,000 to 5,000 kg per 667 m², along with phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, improve soil fertility and plant resilience. Removing debris and weeds around the greenhouse also helps prevent pests like locusts.
Second, seed disinfection is an effective way to reduce disease risk. Seeds are soaked in water for 4–6 hours, then treated with a 10% trisodium phosphate or 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes. After washing, they are ready for germination or direct sowing.
Third, proper sowing techniques are essential. The seedbed should be 0.8–1.0 meters wide, with two rows of planting trenches 6.7 cm deep. Sow 2–3 seeds every 30–34 cm, ensuring even distribution. Cover with 1 cm of soil and consider intercropping with small oil radish or fennel to provide shade and lower temperatures.
Fourth, managing seedlings involves thinning overcrowded plants when they have 2–4 true leaves, leaving two per hole. Seedlings should be transplanted by mid-August, selecting strong, healthy ones. Overcrowding can lead to weak growth, so spacing is important.
Fifth, maintaining consistent moisture during the seedling stage is critical. Water 2–3 times daily, especially in the morning and evening, to regulate temperature. Subsequent cultivation helps stabilize soil temperature and promote root development.
Sixth, using growth inhibitors like chlormequat can prevent leggy growth caused by low light or high humidity. Apply 500 μg/g once every 7 days for three consecutive times.
Finally, regular pesticide application is necessary to control pests like aphids and prevent diseases such as damping-off and blight. Alternating treatments helps avoid resistance. Spraying silver ash film at the greenhouse entrance also deters pests.
Mid-season management focuses on protecting fruit development. Watering and fertilizing should be adjusted based on plant growth. When the first fruits set, increase watering and maintain soil moisture. Fertilize after each fruit set, using urea, ammonium sulfate, or other suitable fertilizers.
Pruning and fruit thinning are also important. Remove excess flowers and fruits to promote larger, healthier produce. Prune vines and remove old or diseased leaves to improve air circulation.
Late-season management centers on temperature and humidity control. As temperatures drop, adjust ventilation and use shading materials to keep the greenhouse within optimal ranges. In October, focus on insulation and disease prevention.
Watering should be reduced in early October, and fertilization should be minimized to avoid premature aging. Stop watering in mid-October to prepare for harvest.
Disease prevention remains a priority, especially after covering the greenhouse. Use fungicides like chlorothalonil or mancozeb, alternating them regularly to prevent resistance.
Harvesting should occur before mid-October, with additional ripening agents like ethephon used for earlier marketing. When temperatures drop below 5°C, all remaining fruit should be harvested promptly.
For storage, select firm, unblemished tomatoes. Disinfect the storage area with sulfur or chlorothalonil, and sort fruits carefully. Store them in layers on straw, keeping the temperature between 10–12°C and humidity at 70–80%. Regularly check and remove any spoiled fruit.
This comprehensive approach ensures a bountiful, high-quality tomato harvest, suitable for market or long-term storage through the winter season.
Dried Squid Illex Argentinus
Dried Squids are a popular snack in many Asian countries, especially in Japan, Korea, and Thailand. They are made by cleaning and drying fresh squids until all the moisture is removed, resulting in a chewy and flavorful snack.
Pure dried squids are made without any additional flavorings or seasonings, so they have a natural taste that is slightly salty and briny. They are often served as a bar snack or as a topping for rice dishes, noodles, or salads.
Dried squids are a good source of protein and low in fat, making them a healthier snack option than many other processed snacks. They are also rich in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B12, selenium, and phosphorus.
Overall, dried squids are a tasty and nutritious snack that can be enjoyed on their own or used as a flavorful ingredient in many dishes.
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