Northern cold and arid corn production pay more attention
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In response to the current drought conditions in Heilongjiang Province, the provincial water conservancy department has reported that the water levels of the Neijiang River are significantly lower than those of the same period last year. This decline is attributed to reduced precipitation in 2007, with the average rainfall from January to October reaching only 402 mm—20% below the previous year's level. As a result, several large and medium-sized reservoirs, including the Fengman Reservoir on the Second Songhua River and the Nenji Reservoir, have experienced severe water shortages. The Fengman Reservoir stored 400 million cubic meters less than it did during the same period last year, while the Nenji Reservoir had less than half the water it typically holds at this time.
In Harbin, snowfall was minimal between November and December 2007, with only two significant snow events recorded. From January 1 to February 10 of this year, snowfall occurred in small amounts in areas like Bayan, Acheng, Shangzhi, Tonghe, and Wuchang, with an average temperature of -18.2°C—just 0.3°C higher than the previous year. According to a report from the Hydrographic Bureau of Heilongjiang Province in October 2007, groundwater levels in 75% of the province have dropped significantly. The Provincial Flood Control and Drought Relief Department warns that if spring rainfall does not increase substantially, up to 50 million mu of farmland could face drought stress, with 5 million mu of paddy fields experiencing water shortages.
To address these challenges, farmers should focus on improving irrigation infrastructure and updating agricultural machinery. Selecting drought-resistant corn varieties is also crucial. Local authorities recommend choosing cultivars that have been tested and proven effective in the region, such as Yuzhu 9, Jidan 261, Sida 19, Dongnong 250, Longdan 13, Daiyu 7, Kedan 8, and others. These varieties have demonstrated strong adaptability, high yield, and resistance to local diseases. Additionally, recent performance data, particularly from 2007, should be considered when selecting seeds, as some varieties performed better under dry conditions.
Farmers are advised to adjust planting schedules and avoid over-reliance on late-maturing varieties. Using high-vitality seeds can improve germination rates, enhance seedling resilience, and reduce losses due to adverse weather. Timely land preparation, including deep plowing (20–25 cm) and proper soil leveling, is essential for moisture retention. For areas with low soil moisture, irrigation should be prioritized, and seed germination techniques can help prevent "powder seed" issues.
Sowing should be delayed until ground temperatures stabilize around 7–8°C to avoid cold damage. After sowing, careful compaction is needed to prevent soil crusting. Early sowing farmers must monitor seed conditions closely and take corrective actions if "powder seed" is observed. Once corn emerges, timely thinning and transplanting should be done when plants reach the 3–4 leaf stage to ensure uniform growth and avoid weak seedlings.
Field management practices, such as deep loosening of the soil after seedlings develop 2–3 leaves, can help raise soil temperature and improve nutrient availability. Regular hilling, plowing, and ridge-making are also important to control weeds, manage moisture, and promote healthy plant development. These measures are especially critical in the current low-temperature and drought-prone environment to support high-yield corn production.