Apricot varieties and their cultivation characteristics

There are 10 species of apricot plants in the world, among which there are 9 species in China: common apricot, Siberian apricot, Liao apricot, Tibetan apricot, purple apricot, Zhidan apricot, Mei apricot, Zhenghe apricot and Li Mei apricot. There are many variants and types of common apricot, Siberian apricot, Liao apricot and Mei apricot. Common apricot is the most widely cultivated species in the world.

Classification

Fresh fruit varieties of good fresh food varieties of fruit should have a large fruit, attractive appearance, bright, juicy flesh, succulent, fine fiber, sweet and sour taste, rich flavor and so on.

Processed varieties of fruit with good quality of wolfberry, can-making and dry-processed varieties should have medium-sized fruit, yellow or orange flesh, consistent color of pulp, less juice, hard and dense flesh, small and fine fibers, high acid content, and separation from the nucleus. Such characteristics; good varieties of fruit sauce should have high pectin and fruit acid content, yellow, orange or white pulp characteristics; good fruit juice varieties should have more juice, juice yield is high, yellow, orange or yellow flesh White, not browning and other characteristics.

Fresh food processing and use varieties Most of China's varieties fall into this category. Its characteristics are high fruit sugar content, medium juice, thick flesh, sweet and sour taste and aroma, can be processed, but also fresh.

The kernels of the kernels used for the kernels of the kernel varieties should have large kernels, fullness, sweetness, rich in fats, proteins and other nutrients, and high kernel rates.

This kind of fruit is small in size, with thick flesh and high sugar content. It is sweet and sweet from the nucleus. It can be made into dried and edible kernels.

Cultivation characteristics

Apricot trees are highly adaptable to the soil and topography. They are often planted on hillside terraces and hilly lands, and can grow normally in high mountains of 800 to 1,000 meters. It can grow in loam, clay, slightly acidic soil, alkaline soil and even in rock joints. Apricot trees are more tolerant to cold, can tolerate temperatures of -30°C or lower, and are also resistant to high temperatures and the highest summer temperature of 43.4°C can still grow normally and have good quality. Apricot trees are not tolerant to waterlogging, and the ground area will be rotted and dead for 3 days. When apricots, peaches, plums, and cherries are used to plant fruit trees such as apricots, no apricot gardens can be established. Otherwise, a replant disease will occur. If the trees are poorly developed, the quality is poor, and the trees will be dead, resulting in the failure of the construction. Since most apricot varieties have low self-inflorescence or self-cultivation rates, they must be equipped with pollination trees in order to obtain high and stable yields. In general, the ratio of the main cultivars to the pollination cultivars ranges from 3:1 to 4:1. Apricot tree seedlings are mainly propagated by grafting. Commonly used rootstocks include apricot apricot, which is widely distributed in North China, Northeast China, and northwest China. It is resistant to cold and drought, and has strong affinity with apricots. It can improve drought resistance and cold resistance of apricot trees. Force and dwarf effect. With ordinary apricots as rootstocks, because of the tall trees, thick branches, the beginning results and later into the result period, but long life. Some regions use mountain peaches, plums, plums, etc. as rootstocks. Most of these rootstocks have weak affinity with apricots, and the survival rate of almond trees is low. The planting density of apricot trees should be determined according to variety, soil strength, and management level. Generally, the spacing of rows of 2m to 4m to 5m for fresh foods is appropriate, and 40 to 80 plants per mu. It is advisable to use a row spacing of 2m 3m to 3m 4m for kernels and 55-110 per acre. The density of the processed varieties is desirable.

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