How to increase the milk production of dairy cows
1. Dry-milk period: For the sake of smooth production, the health of calves and the reserve for the next lactation period, the cows must recuperate after the cows are pregnant. The period during which milk is stopped about 60 days before delivery is called dry-milk period. In the first 45 days, no concentrate or very little concentrate was fed, mainly based on roughage, accounting for 90-100%, and dry matter accounting for 2% of dairy weight. After 15 days, the ratio of concentrates was appropriately increased, and the ratio of coarse concentrates was 6:1-3:1, so that dry matter accounted for 2.5% of the body weight of dairy cows. Separate groups or feeders, feeding, drinking and drinking 3 times a day, morning, evening, and free time. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the cattle body and prevent over-fertilization and miscarriage. 2. Pre-lactation: Pre-lactation refers to about 70 days from calving to calving. The maximum milk production during this period is also called lactation. In addition to breast-feeding calves and milking cows, cows need to restore their own adjustments and require high nutrition. Gradually increase the ratio of concentrates. After 15 days from calving to calving, add 0.5 kg of concentrate each day. Afterwards, concentrates should be taken freely, but the amount of concentrate should not exceed 15 kg. The feed formulation was adjusted so that the dry matter content of dairy cows gradually increased from 2.8-3.2% to 3.4-3.8%, the crude concentrate ratio gradually increased from 3:2 to 9:11, crude fiber was not less than 17%. 3. Mid-lactation period: 70-140 days after calving of the cow, the milk production gradually declines to a medium level, the physiological function returns to normal, and the appetite increases. The weight gain can be fed according to normal standards. The dry matter in the feed accounts for 3-3.5% of the cow's body weight, 1:3-3:2 ratio of crude concentrate feed and 17% of crude fiber. 4, Late lactation: 141-305 days after calving, the amount of lactation was significantly reduced. Concentrate should not be fed more. Dry matter in the feed accounts for 2.5-3% of the cow's body weight, 13:7-7:3 for crude concentrate, and not less than 17% for crude fiber. Second, strengthen night management (1) Feeding night food: feed enough forage during the day and add appropriate amount of forage at 10 o'clock in the evening, but not too much, so as to avoid indigestion and drinking enough water to supplement the cow's physical energy consumption, enhance the resilience, and increase milk yield. (2) Extend the light: White fluorescent lighting can be used at night. The light is extended from 9-10 hours to 13-14 hours, which can increase metabolism, improve digestibility, feed utilization and milk yield. (3) Keep quiet at night: Cows like to be quiet, especially at night. If they are frightened, they will reduce milk production and milk acidity. (4) Well-matched bed: Dairy cows stay in bed for a long time at night or lie on a wet, hard surface, which not only affects milk production but also causes illness. After milking and cleaning feces every night, soft grass is placed in the squatting position, and some grass ash is scattered in the wet place to make the barn clean and dry. (5) Nighttime exercise: During the night, the cows are active in the sports field for one hour, which can improve digestion, promote appetite and increase milk production. (6) Observation at night: Most cows are estrus at night, and cows should be carefully checked for estrus, rest, rumination, and mental status at night, and problems should be dealt with in a timely manner so as to avoid prolonging the empty period of the cows and affecting milk production.
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