Cotton High-efficiency Cultivation and Fertilization Techniques

February 14, 2020

The proportion of heavy cotton in China's main cotton-producing areas is relatively large. The damage of cotton double crop disease under heavy-returning conditions has become one of the most serious and most headache-related problems affecting the output and quality of cotton production in China. Heavy scorpions cause more pathogenic bacteria in the soil and more and more serious diseases; the selective absorption of crops causes imbalance (undersufficiency) of nutrient supply, leading to serious lack or accumulation of certain nutrients in the soil, serious imbalance in nutrition structure, and autotoxicity, crops Roots secrete toxic substances that directly inhibit the growth, distribution, and respiration of newly planted crop roots, eventually leading to root disease and death of newly planted crops.

Massive production practices have proved that a reasonable collapse, flooding and dry rotation, and selection of anti-grass varieties can all reduce the risk of double crops. However, most regions are restricted by industry and arable land and cannot be rotated. According to the results of our experiments, adopting the technology of “anti-double cropping and reasonable fertilization+scientific cultivation” can not only achieve good anti-double cropping effect, but also produce high yield, high quality and high efficiency, and increase the yield of seed cotton by 50 to 100 kg compared with the conventional heavy cultivation of cotton. Can reduce fertilizer, pesticide investment 100 to 200 yuan.

The core of cotton's anti-grass cultivation is to inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms in the soil, enhance the vitality of cotton plants and increase their resistance to diseases. On the basis of selection of varieties with strong resistance to cultivars, full-nutrition fertilization is carried out, and wide-row cultivation of narrow-plants and low-density cultivation is carried out. , nitrogen control water control defensive.

Cotton cultivation of full-nutrition for resistance to heavy cropping should adhere to the "two main": that is, the main base fertilizer, top dressing with nitrogen fertilizer. For every 100 kg of seed cotton produced, 5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 4 kg of potassium oxide are required. It is equivalent to 11 kg of urea, 4 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10 kg of "Zezhong 28" fertilizer.

Base fertilizer: In addition to farmyard fertilizers, per mu produce more than 300 kg of seed cotton above the high-yield plots of Mushi urea, diammonium each 10 to 15 kg, "Saizhong 28" fertilizer 40 to 50 kg; middle and low yield fields (mu yield of seed cotton 200 ~ 300 kg) Mushi urea 10 ~ 15 kg, diammonium phosphate 8 ~ 12 kg, "saidun 28" fertilizer 25 ~ 40 kg.

Seed Fertilizer: 4 kg of cotton seed with 1 kg of "Seize 28" seed dressing, first soaked with water or cold noodle soup soaked, dampness and "Seizhong 28" seed dressing and mix well, dry after sowing, Promote the early emergence of seedlings to reach the seedlings and seedlings.

Top dressing: During the flowering period (July) and the peach stage (August), urea was replenished once every 5 to 10 kg, supplementing the nitrogen nutrition needed for vigorous growth. In the later period, due to the aging of crop roots, the absorption capacity is reduced. At this time, “Zezhong 28” fertilizer leachate can be sprayed (“Zezhong 28” fertilizer leachate preparation method: 10 kg of “Zhezhong 28” fertilizer, 50 kg of water, and 3 kg of food. Vinegar, soaked in non-metallic containers for 2 to 3 days, stirred once a day, clarified and then sucked the supernatant, and then add the same amount of water, Serve spray solution, plus 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg of urea per 100 kg of spray solution After each clarification of the leachate, the same quantity of water is used as the first time, soaking in the same amount of water, and putting a “Saizhong 28” fertilizer, which can be repeatedly soaked for 4 to 5 times, can be used to supplement the requirements for subsequent growth. Nutrition, prevention of premature aging, increase production.

The cotton planting density should not be too large, the majority of the varieties should be below 3,000 strains, give full play to the individual characteristics of cotton plants, try to avoid chemical control and other production measures that inhibit the growth of cotton plants and lead to degeneracy, and at the same time carry out wide-row narrow-growing cultivation, which is conducive to ventilation Translucent and field operations.

The role of fertilizers in the anti-grass cultivation: First of all, the “Saizhong 28” fertilizer is a mineral fertilizer rich in potassium and trace elements and beneficial elements. When used in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus, it achieves “all nutrition ” Effectively solves the problem of shortages of heavy glutinous rice, promotes growth, and enhances cotton plant resistance; Secondly, it has a special inhibitory effect on Fusarium which causes wilt disease, and can degrade other pathogenic and harmful substances, purify soil, and improve Soil environment; Third, it can promote root growth, regulate vegetative growth and reproductive growth, with early bud, early flowering, early bell, early maturity and other functions.

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