The key technology of safe and high quality strawberry production
China's strawberry cultivation area and output have ranked first in the world, and the strawberry industry has become one of the important sources of rural economy in China's major strawberry producing areas. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2006, the country's strawberry cultivation area was 79,300 hm2, accounting for 0.79% of the country's total area of ​​fruit trees; the total output was 1.876 million tons, accounting for 1.95% of the country's total fruit production. How to strengthen the safe and high-quality production of strawberries has become the most important position in the development of modern strawberry industry. The key technical measures that focus on the safe and high-quality production of strawberries are discussed below. 1. Select suitable varieties: choose suitable varieties for local conditions and select varieties for promotion, so that the varieties can be rationally distributed and the strawberry varieties can be regionalized. According to market demand, natural conditions, different types of selection of fine varieties. 2, to take appropriate models: take different models, adjust the harvest and listing period, create off-season efficiency, and achieve the anniversary of strawberry production and marketing. Integrate closely with local conditions, make full use of microclimate resources, and adopt a variety of suitable cultivation techniques. 3. To cultivate healthy seedlings: To adopt the technique of tissue culture and virus elimination to detoxify the seedlings, establish a specialized nursery nursery, and nurse the seedlings according to different models to achieve non-toxic cultivation of strawberry seedlings. The quality of seedlings has a significant impact on the growth of strawberries, and different types of seedlings require different seedlings. Exposed to cultivation and nursery, as long as you take a special breeding nursery. Pure breeds and robust virus-free seedlings were selected as the mother plants. They were usually transplanted with soil in early April and early June. The row spacing was 1–2 m, and the plant spacing was 0.4–1 m. Semi-promoting cultivation seedlings can be directly selected in specialized breeding nurseries, but the artificial seedlings can further improve the quality of seedlings, which is more conducive to efficient cultivation. The period of prep is usually from late June to early July. The implants are generally 20---25em high and 80cm wide. 5 rows per plant were planted and the row spacing was 15cm15cm. In order to promote cultivation and seedling cultivation, based on the specialized breeding nursery, combined with the actual local promotion of flowering and seedling raising techniques, artificially create conditions to promote early differentiation and development of flower buds, and promote the orderly and robust seedlings. The main methods for promoting flowering seedlings include transplanting seedlings for cutting roots, raising seedlings for seedlings with nutrition, using seedlings in mountain valleys, shading seedlings, raising seedlings in high-cold fields, and refrigerating seedlings. Inhibiting the cultivation of seedlings, timely planting of seedlings from special breeding nursery should be adopted to increase the spacing of false plants, generally 20cm20cm. In the early stage of nursery, fertilizer and water management shall be strengthened, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers shall be added appropriately at the later stage of nursery. It can be cultivated with river sand or sawdust in November-December to suppress flower bud development. 4. Standardize production techniques: Strengthen the research and promotion of strawberry safety production standards, new varieties of supporting technologies, and different types of technical specifications to achieve the standardization of strawberry production technology. The strawberry farm should be located in an agricultural production area with good ecological conditions, away from pollution sources, and with sustainable production capacity. The production environment must meet the environmental quality standards for pollution-free agricultural products or green food production areas. Both fresh strawberries and processing strawberries should be produced in strict accordance with the standards of pollution-free agricultural products, green foods or organic agricultural products to ensure the safety and quality of strawberry products in the market. The prevention and control of diseases and pests of strawberries should place special emphasis on comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control, ie selection of disease-resistant varieties, cultivation of robust seedlings, strengthening of cultivation and management, disinfection of sunlight soil, and rational use of pesticides. Method of disinfection of sunlight soil: In the hot season before strawberry planting, about 1,000kg of organic matter such as straw and other crops are applied in the protected area, and 50-60kg of lime nitrogen or appropriate amount of ammonium sulfate is applied, and then the ridges are deeply turned and the floor is covered with transparent plastic. Membrane, irrigation between ridges, closed protected land for 14--20 days, soil temperature maintained at 40--45°C. As long as the strawberry strengthens the integrated pest control, it is generally used very little. Pesticide use may be performed in accordance with the NY/T393-2000 pesticide use guidelines. 5 Overcome continuous cropping obstacles: By improving soil fertility, improving soil environment, controlling soil pests and diseases, etc., overcome continuous cropping obstacles and achieve high-quality strawberry cultivation soil. Because strawberry plants have fixed protective cultivation facilities, it is easy to cause continuous cropping obstacles. During production, technologies such as adding harmless organic fertilizer, solar soil disinfection, straw bioreactors and plant vaccines can be vigorously promoted to optimize the soil conditions of strawberry, increase soil organic matter, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the ability to resist culturing. Straw bio-reactor technology is to make full use of crop straws, through a variety of microbial transformation, to produce the CO2, heat, disease-resistant microbial spores and organic and inorganic nutrients that are needed for crop growth. The built-in operation under the line can use wheat straw and old corn stalks to build piles from July to September. Technical points: (1) Preparation: 8kg per 667m2 of bacteria, 4kg of vaccine, 3000kg of straw, 400kg of castor cake and 160kg of wheat bran. In order to evenly inoculate strains and vaccines, mix the wheat bran, castor cake, and water with the intermediate material first before use (the ratio is 1kg strain or vaccine: 20kg wheat bran: 50kg castor cake: 100kg water). Then pile up and cover the membrane and keep it moist. Usually the first day of mixing, use the next day. (2) Stitching and arranging stalks: Before strawberry is planted and ridged, open the ditch. The ditch width is 40cm, the depth is 20cm, the length is the same as the ridge length, straw is placed and the thickness is 20--30cm. Pay attention to both sides of the ditch lOcm long straw exposed to oxygen, followed by leveling. Disinfection of non-herb animal feces such as fertilizers and chicken manure. (3) Inoculation with earth-covered soil: Spread the straw on a uniform basis for the amount of bacteria in each trench, and slap and shake it again for the first time. The thickness is 10cm. Then spread a layer of vaccine dose per groove on the ridge surface, and then cover the soil for the second time, the thickness is 10c, m, and the total amount of soil is 20cm twice. (4) watering, ridge, hole: after pouring, flatten the ridge surface, use 12# steel bars in time, hit 4 holes according to 20cm square, the hole depth is suitable for penetrating the straw layer. (5) Replenishment: Generally, the water is poured every 10 days after the construction of the pile until the planting, and the water is continuously replenished 2-3 times, and the drilling is performed 2--3 times to promote the transformation of the straw. ZHEJIANG SHENDASIAO MEDICAL INSTRUMENT CO.,LTD. , https://www.shendasiaomed.com