Fertilizer Requirements and Fertilization Principles for Rice
The growth and development of rice can be divided into different stages such as seedlings, tillers, booting, heading, flowering, and maturity. The characteristics of fertilizer requirements and fertilization are: Fertilizer requirement There are two nutrient absorption peaks. The two nutrient uptake peaks in rice tillering stage and spikelet differentiation stage, but the single-season rice and the double-season rice are different. Single-season rice has a long growing period, and the interval between two peaks of fertilizer absorption is clear, which is the key to top-dressing; double-season rice has a short growing period, and two fertilizer uptake peaks tend to overlap, so the center of fertilization is earlier than that of single-season rice, but the amount of fertilizer is relatively small. . Sensitive to zinc deficiency, susceptible to "shrinkage disease." Most of the zinc-deficient soils are calcareous paddy soils, paddy soils in coastal saline soil areas, and paddy soils in low-lying swamp areas. Among them, winter wheat japonica rice and early rice are more susceptible to deficiency. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizers also induces zinc deficiency. The application of organic fertilizer and reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer can prevent zinc deficiency; zinc fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer or foliar spray to correct zinc deficiency. Hi silicon crops. Rice is the crop that absorbs the most silicon. Silicon can promote rice respiration and root growth, improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, strong stalks, and enhance resistance to lodging, disease resistance, especially for high-yielding rice, appropriate addition of potassium fertilizer and silicon fertilizer. The root zone soil has a special oxidation-reduction layer. Rice grows under long-term flood conditions. The soil is divided into an oxide layer near the water body (a few millimeters to 1 cm above the tillage layer) and the lower layer. The reduced layer of oxygen deficiency, if applied nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer, in addition to leakage with the water, but also under the action of denitrifying microorganisms into gaseous nitrogen escape. Therefore, nitrate nitrogen must be avoided or used with caution. Nutritional diagnosis should not use nitrate-nitrogen test method. When rice grows under flooding conditions, the absorbed nitrogen is mainly present in the body with ammonium nitrogen before transformation. Therefore, the rapid measurement of plant nutrients mainly uses chlorophyll colorimetry rather than the determination of its nitrate content; under flooding conditions, The available nitrogen in the soil is also mostly in the presence of ammonium nitrogen. It is also not suitable for the nutrient diagnosis to be performed by the nitrate-nitrogen speed test. The effectiveness of soil nutrients in paddy fields is different from that in dry fields. Under flooding conditions, the availability of phosphate fertilizers, iron, manganese, and other nutrients is higher than that of dry fields, and sometimes it may even be toxic due to high manganese content. Therefore, after the conversion of dry field to paddy field, the application of phosphate fertilizer can be appropriately reduced, and the deficiency of iron and manganese can also be alleviated. After the paddy field is changed to dry land, the amount of phosphorus applied should be increased appropriately, and attention should be paid to the lack of elements such as iron and manganese. There are special requirements for moisture management. Water is an important raw material for photosynthesis and material composition of rice plants. Through water transpiration, plant body temperature can be adjusted, and the growth environment can be improved to prevent freezing damage and inhibit weed growth. "Irrigation water to raise the height of children, dry roots and long roots" vividly illustrates the relationship between water status and crop growth. It has important guiding significance for rice water management and should be applied flexibly according to specific conditions. Fertilization principle Improve fertilization techniques. Advocate combined with soil preparation, increase organic manure, return straw or plant green manure; control total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, shift the center of gravity of nitrogen fertilizer, properly reduce nitrogen fertilizer ratio of base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer to reduce early-stage invalid tiller and prevent late defertilization; Increase potash fertilizer, promote basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer application, promote "nitrogen-enriched nitrogen" fertilization technology to increase the efficiency of fertilizer and water use, and adopt comprehensive measures such as rational application of nitrogen, potassium, silicon fertilizer and reasonable close planting, and water layer management, etc. Prevent and control rice lodging and increase disease resistance; appropriate amount of lime can be applied in acid soil paddy fields. Science controls moisture. The sensitivity and need for water in different growth periods of rice are different, and it is necessary to control it well according to the time. In order to keep the shallow water layer or the soil moist during the seedling stage, it is necessary to irrigate and protect the seedlings when the strong wind cools down; it is necessary to have stable temperature and humidity conditions during transplanting and returning to the green period. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain water layer so that the water leveling can be achieved during the land preparation and After planting seedlings, seedlings will be planted and seedlings will be slowed; after sloughing, the seedlings will be transplanted through the proper drainage of sun-dried field to inhibit ineffective tillering and promote root downshooting; young panicle differentiation and heading and flowering stages will be sensitive to water shortage. In the alternating state of moist soil and shallow water layer; grouting and fertility period requires neither accumulated water nor early water shortage, intermittent intermittent irrigation method can be used to make paddy fields in the alternate state of waterlogging and falling water. This is conducive to the plant nutrients to the grain convergence, but also to prevent premature aging of the leaves and roots; 5 to 10 days before harvest water-cutting, in order to facilitate the mouth arrangement and field operations. Strengthen comprehensive management. While scientifically fertilizing and watering, it is also necessary to select seeding and drying seeds before sowing and sterilize and germinate seeds. Cold rice seedlings in sheds in Heilongjiang and other places must undergo “refining seedlings†and nurturing strong and prosperous animals through timely, moderately uncovered sheds and moderate dryness of the beds. Before transplanting, it is necessary to combine deep plowing with shallow plowing to improve the quality of soil preparation and transplanting rice at the right time. The height of fields should not exceed 3 cm. Field weeding should be carried out to focus on the control of rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and thrips, planthoppers, and armyworm pests. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a fresh rhizome of perennial herb (40 ~ 100cm high) of ginger family and ginger genus. Varieties are: Weifeng ginger, Shandong Changyi face ginger, Qingzhou bamboo root ginger, Shannong No. 1 ginger, Qingzhou small yellow ginger.
The aliases are ginger root, hundred spicy cloud, hook finger, yindixin, Yanliang boy, fresh ginger and honey roasted ginger. The rhizome (dried ginger), cork (ginger peel) and leaf (ginger leaf) of ginger can be used as medicine.
Perennial herb, 50 ~ 100 cm high. The rhizome is fleshy, oblate, transverse, branched, with aromatic and spicy smell. The root block can be used as medicine. Dig in summer, remove stems, leaves and fibrous roots, and wash the soil.
Ginger contains spicy and aromatic ingredients. The pungent ingredient is a kind of "gingerone" in aromatic volatile oil. Among them, mainly ginger oil terpene, water fennel, camphor terpene, gingerol, eucalyptus oil essence, starch, mucus, etc. The edible part is 95%.
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