Corn, maize, sorghum, foxtail millet, and soybeans are all crops with high nutrient demands, especially during critical growth stages. These plants require a steady and sufficient supply of fertilizers throughout their growth cycle to ensure optimal yield and quality. While base and seed fertilizers provide an initial nutrient boost, they often fall short of meeting the full requirements, especially in long-season crops. This is why topdressing becomes essential to support vigorous growth and maximize productivity.
For corn and maize, the period from jointing to the booting stage marks the peak of nutrient absorption. During this time, applying additional fertilizer is crucial. The first topdressing should be done just before or after jointing, with about 12 kg of ammonium nitrate or 10 kg of urea per mu. A second application is recommended around 7-10 days before tasselling, using approximately 15 kg of ammonium nitrate or 12 kg of urea per acre. If the base and seed fertilizers are already rich, farmers can opt for a single, more concentrated topdressing, using deep placement techniques for better efficiency.
Sorghum also experiences a critical growth phase from jointing to heading, where both vegetative and reproductive development occur simultaneously. This is the most demanding period for nutrients. To meet these needs, the first topdressing should be applied at the jointing stage, using 10–15 kg of ammonium nitrate or 8–15 kg of urea per acre. A second application is advised at the booting stage, with 8 kg of ammonium nitrate or 5 kg of urea per acre. Proper timing ensures strong stalks, healthy panicles, and improved grain quality.
Foxtail millet, like other cereals, requires careful attention to fertilization during its jointing to heading phase. This is when the plant is most sensitive to nutrient availability. Farmers should apply fertilizer two to three times, usually combined with weeding or hilling. A typical recommendation is 15 kg of ammonium nitrate or 12 kg of urea per mu. Splitting the application into two parts—once at jointing (10 kg of ammonium nitrate or 8 kg of urea) and again at booting (another 10 kg of ammonium nitrate or 8 kg of urea)—ensures balanced nutrition and supports both early growth and later grain filling.
Soybeans have a unique requirement for nitrogen, as their rhizobia can only supply about one-third of the total nitrogen needed. Therefore, timely nitrogen application is vital for maximizing yield. Topdressing is typically done during the early flowering stage to reduce flower drop and improve pod set. A common rate is 10–15 kg of ammonium nitrate or 8–12 kg of urea per acre. Additionally, applying a foliar fertilizer during the pod-filling stage can further enhance yield and grain weight, making it a valuable practice for high-yielding soybean production.
In summary, each crop has specific nutrient requirements at different growth stages. Understanding these needs and applying fertilizers at the right time and in the right amounts is key to achieving higher productivity and better-quality harvests. Whether it's corn, sorghum, millet, or soybeans, proper fertilization management plays a central role in successful farming.
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