The locust, commonly referred to as "Bacteria" in local terms, is the most significant pest affecting black fungus (Auricularia) cultivation. If not properly managed, infestations can lead to widespread yield loss or even total crop failure. In 2004, the implementation of advanced anti-locust techniques in Huangyuan Township significantly improved production outcomes. The township produced a total of 25.5 million black fungus bags that year, with only one household experiencing a loss of 607 bags. All other batches remained unaffected, ensuring a safe and successful harvest. Here's a detailed account of the preventive measures taken:
1. **Prevention-Oriented, Integrated Pest Management**
1.1 **Maintain Clean Cultivation Areas**: Keeping the growing environment clean is crucial for preventing locust infestations. The cultivation site should be located away from poultry houses, grain storage areas, and feed storage zones. Regular cleaning of the culture room and surrounding areas is essential. Three days before placing the bacterial sticks, the walls and floors should be sprayed with an 800-times diluted dichlorvos solution. Additionally, sulfur fumigation at 5g/m³ should be used for two days before stacking to eliminate any existing pests. During the germination phase, dedicated staff should monitor the area regularly, and any contaminated sticks must be disposed of immediately, not discarded randomly.
1.2 **Optimize Production Timing and Temperature Control**: Locusts thrive best at 25°C, so adjusting the planting season and managing temperature is vital. In autumn and winter, when temperatures drop below 20°C, it's time to stage the ears. To prevent mycelium aging and reduced vitality, the mycelium should be removed from the field within a week after full development. Careful inspections during the earing process are necessary, and any signs of infestation must be addressed immediately to avoid spreading.
1.3 **Choose Suitable Ear Fields**: Rice paddies are preferred for earing, while mountainous areas should be avoided. Rotating the ear fields with rice helps break the pest cycle. After harvesting rice, the selected field should be cleared of weeds, soaked in shallow water for two days, and then treated with 600g of dichlorvos and 500 times diluted Ketite for two days, covering both the water and surrounding areas.
1.4 **Use Fresh and Clean Raw Materials**: Bran and rice bran are highly susceptible to maggot infestations. When mixing materials, care must be taken to prevent contamination. It’s important to use fresh, insect-free bran and rice bran. Upon purchase, these materials should be stored in a designated area and sprayed with 800-times diluted dichlorvos or 400-times diluted detergent to ensure safety.
1.5 **Ensure High-Quality Strains**: Selecting strong, disease-free strains is critical. In addition to resistance and robust hyphae, it's essential to check for locust contamination. Avoid introducing strains from areas with severe infestations to prevent the spread of pests.
1.6 **Maintain Hygiene in Inoculation Areas**: Inoculation boxes, rooms, and tools should be regularly cleaned with soap and water to prevent cross-contamination.
2. **Chemical Control Measures**
Direct application of pesticides on the bacterial sticks is not recommended, as residues may remain in the fruit bodies and cause damage. Instead, spraying can be done after harvesting. Effective options include 0.6% Sea Right Spirit, 1.8% Avermectin diluted 3000 times, Ke Di 500 times, or Kimberly 1000 times. A 400-times diluted detergent spray applied two to three times consecutively can also effectively control aphids. These methods help ensure a safe and healthy harvest without compromising quality.
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