The locust, commonly referred to as "Bacteria" in local dialects, is the most significant pest affecting black fungus cultivation. If not properly managed, infestations can lead to widespread production losses or even total crop failure. In 2004, thanks to the successful implementation of anti-locust measures in Huangyuan Township, a total of 255 million bags of black fungus were cultivated across the area. Only one household suffered a loss of 607 bags, while the rest remained unaffected, ensuring a safe and stable harvest. The following are key strategies that contributed to this success:
1. **Prevention-Oriented, Integrated Pest Management**
1.1 **Maintain cleanliness and hygiene at the cultivation site.** The growing area should be located away from sources of contamination such as poultry houses, grain storage, and feed areas. Regular cleaning of the growing room and its surroundings is essential. Three days before placing the fungal sticks, the walls and floor should be sprayed with an 800-times diluted dichlorvos solution. Additionally, sulfur fumigation (5g/m³) should be carried out for two days to create a sterile environment. During the germination phase, dedicated personnel should monitor the process and immediately dispose of any contaminated sticks to prevent further spread.
1.2 **Plan the cultivation season carefully.** The temperature plays a crucial role in both the growth of black fungus and the prevention of pests. Maggots thrive best at 25°C. Therefore, during colder months when temperatures drop below 20°C, it's advisable to stage the earing process. To avoid mycelium aging and reduced vitality, the mycelium should be removed from the field within a week after full development. Regular inspections during the earing stage are vital—any signs of infestation must be addressed immediately to prevent a larger outbreak.
1.3 **Choose suitable fields for earing.** Paddy fields are preferred over mountainous areas. It's also recommended to rotate the earing fields with rice crops. After harvesting rice, the selected field should be cleared of weeds, soaked in shallow water for two days, and then treated with 600g of dichlorvos and 500 times diluted Ketite for two days, covering both the water and surrounding areas.
1.4 **Use fresh and clean raw materials.** Bran and rice bran are highly prone to maggot infestation. When mixing the substrate, care must be taken to avoid environmental contamination. Therefore, it's important to use high-quality, insect-free bran and rice bran. After purchase, these materials should be stored in a designated area and sprayed with 800-times diluted dichlorvos or 400-times diluted detergent to prevent infestation.
1.5 **Ensure high-quality strains.** Strains must be selected based on strong resistance, absence of bacterial contamination, and robust hyphae. More importantly, they should be checked for any signs of locust infestation. Avoid using strains from areas with severe locust problems, as they may carry the pests into new regions.
1.6 **Keep inoculation tools and rooms clean.** Inoculation boxes, rooms, and all related tools should be regularly washed with soap and water to maintain a sterile environment.
2. **Chemical Control Measures**
Direct application of pesticides on the fungal sticks is not recommended, as residues can accumulate in the fruit bodies and pose health risks. Instead, pesticides can be applied only after the harvest is complete. Effective options include spraying 0.6% Sea Right Spirit, 1.8% Avermectin diluted 3000 times, Ke Di diluted 500 times, or Kimberly diluted 1000 times. Using a 400-times diluted detergent and applying it 2–3 times consecutively has proven effective in eliminating aphids without harming the crop.
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