Grass carp seedling health cultivation method
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Grass carp seedling cultivation requires careful planning and management to ensure optimal growth and health. The ideal pond size is approximately 5 acres, with a depth of 2 to 2.5 meters. The pond should be oriented east-west to maximize sunlight exposure, and it should be located in a quiet area, away from tall trees or buildings that might disturb the fish. The surrounding environment should allow for easy access, good lighting, and proper ventilation. The pond banks should be well-maintained, the dykes firm, and the bottom flat. A silt layer of 10 to 20 cm is preferred, with loamy or sandy loam soil being ideal for water retention and ease of management. The water source must be stable and reliable, and the pond should have complete infrastructure, including electricity, drainage, and irrigation systems.
Before stocking, the pond should be thoroughly cleaned. Lime (150 kg) or bleaching powder (4–5 kg) can be used to disinfect the water and adjust the pH level, eliminating harmful pathogens. Organic fertilizers such as chicken manure (200–300 kg), pig manure (400–500 kg), or horse manure (750–1,000 kg) can be applied as a base fertilizer, depending on the pond’s condition. A small amount should be placed in shallow areas to promote nutrient cycling.
Stocking density varies depending on pond size and conditions. Typically, 250,000 to 37,000 grass fry, 2,500 to 3,000 carp seedlings, and 1,000 to 1,500 of other species are stocked. Fish should be 2.5–3 cm in size, and stocking rates can be adjusted if the pond is large.
Water depth should be gradually increased as the fish grow: starting at 0.7–0.8 m when fry are introduced, then rising to 1 m after 7–15 days, 1.2 m after 20–30 days, 1.5 m after 40–45 days, and reaching 1.8 m after two months. In autumn and winter, maintain a depth of 1.8–2 m. Water transparency should be controlled: less than 30 cm at stocking, around 25–30 cm in summer, and 35 cm in fall.
Water quality management is crucial. During the early stages, the water should be rich in nutrients, with transparency maintained below 30 cm. As fish grow, regular water changes and monitoring of pH levels are essential. Photosynthetic bacteria can be added every 7–10 days to improve water clarity and reduce harmful substances.
Feeding plays a vital role in grass carp development. The feed should be nutritionally balanced, with protein content adjusted according to the fish’s growth stage. For example, before 5 cm, protein should be 40–45%, decreasing to 35–30% between 6–7 cm, and further reducing to 28–25% after 10 cm. Feed should include both compound feed and fresh green fodder like duckweed or tender grasses. Feeding frequency starts at 6 times per day for young fish and reduces to 4 times as they grow, with green feed given twice daily.
Disease prevention is critical. Fresh feed must be used, and any spoiled or moldy feed should be avoided. Regular removal of debris and dead fish helps prevent disease outbreaks. Vitamin C-rich feed is recommended, and feeding stations should be regularly disinfected. During high-risk periods, medicated feed and periodic disinfection with bleach or chlorinated compounds are advised. Combining ecological practices with medication ensures long-term success in grass carp farming.