Wintering Dutch beans are a unique and nutritious vegetable gaining popularity, especially in northern regions. Known for their excellent flavor and high nutritional value, they have become a favorite among local consumers. The cultivation of this special crop involves several key steps to ensure a successful harvest.
First, soil preparation is essential. After the late-season harvest of crops like cotton, rice, and sweet potatoes in autumn, the fields are cleared. A single application of 3,000 kg of organic manure, 10 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate, 15–20 kg of potassium sulfate, and some wood ash is applied. This creates a raised bed that is 2 meters wide, 25 cm high, and 20 cm wide, oriented east-west to optimize sunlight exposure.
Second, proper sowing techniques are crucial. Varieties like Kingfisher dwarf or Hollander beans, which grow to about 12–16 cm in length, are commonly used. In the Yellow River Basin, sowing typically occurs between October 15 and November 5. In warmer areas like the Jianghuai region, sowing can be delayed until mid-to-late November. Before planting, avoid overwatering to prevent seedling damage. Sowing is done in large and small rows—60 cm for big rows, 40 cm for small rows—with a spacing of 20–25 cm between plants. Each hole contains 2–3 seeds, covered with 2–3 cm of soil.
Third, field management plays a vital role in the success of wintering Dutch beans. Before winter, it's important to loosen the soil around the seedlings to help them develop strong roots and better survive the cold. Just before a cold front arrives, covering the seedlings with plastic film can provide extra protection. In colder regions where temperatures drop below -10°C, windbreaks made from corn stalks can be set up to shield the crop. As spring approaches, regular weeding and soil loosening help raise the temperature and improve water absorption. Applying 10 kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer encourages early growth and flowering. At this time, using a small greenhouse can speed up the maturation process, allowing the beans to be ready for market within 15 days. By early March, supporting the plants with cotton stalks improves air circulation and can increase yield by about 20%. During the first flowering stage, applying 10 kg of urea and 15 kg at full bloom helps control excessive vegetative growth. Spraying plant growth regulators like 920, Baofeng (which includes 44% potassium), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate ensures healthy development.
Fourth, harvesting and pest control are essential for maximizing yield and quality. It takes about 7–10 days from flowering to the first harvest. Beans should be picked with scissors to avoid damaging the vines, which could reduce overall yield. In the later stages, pests like cabbage caterpillars and soybean aphids may appear. These can be controlled using a mix of chrysanthemum pesticide and phoxim.
With careful planning and attention to detail, wintering Dutch beans can thrive and provide a rewarding harvest. Whether you're a seasoned farmer or a beginner, following these practices will help you achieve better results and enjoy the benefits of this unique vegetable.
Cosmetics Materials
Analysis of the direction of the application of cosmetic raw materials
Plant extracts are widely used in cosmetic ingredients. The use of plant extracts in cosmetics can help improve the texture, appearance and health of the skin. The functional applications are as follows:
1. Anti-oxidant Raw Material: Many plant extracts have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from free radical damage. For example, green tea extract, grape seed extract and vitamin C are common antioxidants.
2. Moisturizing Raw Materials: Many of the ingredients in plant extracts have moisturizing properties that help the skin retain moisture. For example, aloe vera extract, hyaluronic acid and glycerin are common moisturizers.
3. Anti-inflammatory agents: Some plant extracts have anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce skin inflammation and redness. For example, chamomile extract and tea tree oil are widely used to treat inflammatory skin problems.
4. Whitening And Clearing Speckles Raw Materials: Some plant extracts have a whitening effect and can reduce melanin deposits in the skin. For example, lemon extract, arbutin and tyrosine are commonly used whitening agents.
5. Anti-aging And Anti-wrinkle Raw Materials: Some plant extracts are rich in anti-aging ingredients, which can reduce wrinkles and fine lines in the skin. For example, grape seed extract, soy isoflavones and collagen are common anti-aging agents.
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