Cultivation Techniques of Potatoes in Spring Early-maturing Small Sheds

Second, seed processing involves several key steps. First, awakening the seeds: about 200 kg per mu should be prepared. In January, on a sunny day at noon, soak the seeds for 1-2 days, removing any diseased, rotten, or malformed ones. Then place them in a room with temperatures between 20-25°C for 10-15 days until sprouts appear. Next, cutting the seeds into 20-25 gram blocks. Larger tubers should be cut from the top in a spiral pattern, leaving 3-4 pieces with buds to maximize growth potential. Finally, germination requires a temperature of 15-25°C. The soil should be kept moist but not wet, and germination should occur under low light. Germination usually takes 25-30 days before planting, with Shandong typically starting around January 10-30. There are three germination methods: indoor sand bed germination, where fine sand is laid on the floor and seeds are stacked in layers; indoor mold sand germination using baskets or boxes; and greenhouse germination in small sheds. When shoots reach 1-2 cm, move them to a cool, scattered light environment to control terminal growth and promote lateral buds. Under light, the shoots will turn green or purple-green and become strong buds.

Third, sowing begins with preparing fertile, well-drained soil. Apply 3000-5000 kg of organic manure per acre before winter plowing. After thawing in spring, till the soil twice and level it. Spray a soil conditioner (200g per acre mixed with 200kg water) to improve soil structure. About 20 days later, loosen the soil to a depth of 50-100 cm. For planting density, use double-row ridging with 80 cm between ridges and 20-25 cm between plants, resulting in 6000-8000 plants per mu. Sowing time depends on soil temperature—when the 10 cm depth reaches above 0°C, typically around February 5-18 in Shandong. Choose a windless, sunny day. Planting method includes making two shallow furrows 20 cm apart on the ridge, applying no-till fertilizer in between, and covering the seeds 10-12 cm deep with a 15 cm ridge height. Cover the ridges with mulch to prevent tuber expansion and delay tuber formation. If needed, remove the film after emergence. Build small sheds with bamboo poles, covering them with agricultural film and securing the edges with soil. Add stakes and wires to keep the film tight and prevent wind damage.

Fourth, fine management includes maintaining optimal temperature and light conditions. During the day, keep the temperature between 16-20°C and at night between 12-15°C. Ventilate during midday to remove harmful gases. As temperatures rise, start ventilating the greenhouse at 9 AM and close it by 3 PM. By mid-April, when outside temperatures are above 20°C during the day and 12°C at night, continue covering the film to protect against frost. Remove the shed once the frost period ends. Light management involves shaking the shed film regularly to remove water droplets and increase light transmission. Use non-drip film for better light penetration. Fertilizer management focuses on applying basal fertilizer before planting, then spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after the shed is removed. Water after emergence and maintain soil moisture during tuber expansion. Avoid overwatering to prevent waterlogging and promote tuber growth. In the late growth stage, avoid extreme dryness to prevent fried potatoes and ensure good quality. Additionally, spray natural alfalfa extract (Shuofeng 481) at a rate of 10,000 times diluted to enhance photosynthesis and increase yield.

Fifth, harvest timing is crucial. Potatoes typically reach market maturity between late April and mid-May, when tubers reach 5-6 cm in diameter. At this point, they are ready for harvesting.

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