Cultivation Techniques of Potatoes in Spring Early-maturing Small Sheds

Second, seed processing plays a crucial role in ensuring healthy plant growth. First, the seeds need to be awakened. Prepare about 200 kg per mu and choose a sunny day in January for 1-2 days to dry them. Remove any diseased, rotten, or malformed potatoes. Then place the seeds in a room with a temperature of 20-25°C for 10-15 days until the buds start to sprout. Next, cut the seeds into blocks of 20-25 grams each. Large potatoes should be cut in a spiral pattern, leaving the top part with buds intact for better growth. Finally, germinate the seeds at a temperature of 15-25°C. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination should occur under low light conditions, typically 25-30 days before planting. In Shandong, it's usually done between January 10th and 30th. There are three main germination methods: indoor sand germination, using baskets or wooden boxes, and greenhouse germination. When the shoots reach 1-2 cm, move them to a cooler, shaded area to control stem growth and promote lateral bud development. This helps create stronger, more compact plants.

Third, proper sowing techniques are key to successful potato cultivation. Choose loose, fertile loam or sandy loam soil with good drainage. Before planting, apply 3000-5000 kg of organic manure per acre and plow deeply before winter. In late spring, after the soil thaws, till it twice and level the field. Apply a soil conditioner 200 g per acre mixed with 200 kg of water. About 20 days later, the soil should be loose and well-aerated. For spacing, use double-row ridge planting with a ridge distance of 80 cm and 20-25 cm between plants, resulting in 6000-8000 plants per mu. Sowing time varies by region; in Shandong, it's typically between February 5th and 18th. Plant on a sunny day without wind, and cover the seeds immediately. Use a ridge height of 15 cm and cover with mulch 90 cm wide to prevent tuber overgrowth and delay. After emergence, the film can be removed if needed. Building small sheds with bamboo poles ensures protection from cold weather. Secure the plastic film tightly and use stakes to keep it in place, preventing damage from wind.

Fourth, fine management from sowing to harvest is vital. The growth period lasts about 55-60 days. Maintain daytime temperatures between 16-20°C and nighttime temperatures between 12-15°C. Ventilate during midday to remove harmful gases. In March, start ventilating the greenhouse when temperatures reach 20°C and close it around 3 p.m. By April, continue covering the film at night to protect against frost. Once the risk of frost has passed, remove the shed as needed. Light management involves shaking the shed film regularly to remove condensation and improve light penetration. Use non-drip films where possible. Fertilizer management includes applying base fertilizer before planting and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate after removing the film. Water carefully to avoid flooding, keeping the soil moist but well-drained. In the later stages, avoid excessive dryness, as it can lead to poor-quality tubers. Spraying natural alfalfa extract like Shuofeng 481 at a rate of 1/10,000 can enhance photosynthesis and increase yield.

Fifth, timing the harvest is crucial. Potatoes enter the commercial maturity stage between late April and mid-May. Harvest when the tubers reach a diameter of 5-6 cm for optimal quality and marketability.

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