Rose cultivation management technology
Industrial Noodle Making Machine,Hanging Stick Noodle Production Line,Hanging Stick Noodle Production Equipment Henan chinamian foods CO.LTD , https://www.ooossooo.com
Grafting and breeding involve using wild roses or specific rootstock varieties as the base, employing techniques such as grafting or bud grafting. In the first year, rootstocks are planted in early April and transplanted in April of the following year. For optimal growth, seedbeds should be prepared with fertile sandy soil, spaced 2080 cm apart. Bud picking is done in June, and the nursery is planted in the spring of the third year.
To prepare the soil, it should be rich, loose, and high in organic matter, ideally a well-drained sandy loam. It's recommended to use fully decomposed livestock manure as a base fertilizer at a rate of 45,000 to 60,000 kg per hectare, followed by soil disinfection. The disinfection process involves using methyl bromide (10 kg per 100 square meters), covered with plastic for over a week; cyanide (7.5 liters per 100 square meters), covered for more than two weeks; and a mixture (2.8 liters per 100 square meters), also covered for over two weeks.
For scientific planting, the bed should be 1 meter wide and 10-15 cm high, with two rows per bed. The large row spacing should be 90-100 cm, small row spacing 30 cm, and plant spacing 20 cm, resulting in a density of 6-8 plants per square meter. Walkways between beds should be 20-30 cm wide.
In greenhouse cultivation, maintaining proper temperature and humidity is essential. Daytime temperatures should range from 20°C to 25°C, not exceeding 28°C, while nighttime temperatures should stay between 12°C and 15°C. Relative humidity should be kept between 65% and 75%, with regular ventilation to prevent disease.
Fertilization should be balanced, using top-dressing or foliar sprays like potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, Meishi, and ferrous sulfate. Liquid fertilizers are applied every 10 days, and compound fertilizers are used during winter. Water management should be carefully controlled—after spring planting, sufficient water is given, and the soil is watered after planting. During summer, watering should occur after 5 PM due to high soil temperatures. Roses are drought-tolerant but sensitive to excess moisture, so drainage is crucial during heavy rains. Regular weeding is also necessary.
Pruning is essential for healthy growth. Before planting, the rose should be trimmed, and buds should be removed promptly. When three to five strong branches develop, flowers can be collected. Prune 3–5 times a year, arranging branches as needed. Each branch should have 2–4 buds, cut 1 cm above the shoot, and angled to the opposite side. There are two pruning methods: low pruning, which leaves only two buds above the base, promoting long, thick branches and large buds; and high pruning, which encourages more new shoots and flowers but results in shorter, smaller buds. Both methods are used interchangeably to control plant height and ensure longer growth cycles.
When shoots reach 15–20 cm, the tip is removed by about 3 cm. This process is repeated until the plant has enough main and lateral branches to produce abundant flowers. Removing the growing tip helps shape the plant and regulate flowering time. When flower buds reach 10–13 mm in diameter, cutting the top to the second leaf can advance flowering by about seven days.
Pest and disease prevention is vital. Remove infected branches and treat them with high heat for four weeks to reduce viral load. Common diseases like black spot, powdery mildew, and rust can be controlled with 80% mancozeb WP or 50% benomyl WP diluted 800–1200 times. Pests such as aphids, thrips, and leafworms can be managed with fenthion diluted 1000 times.
Flowers should be harvested under cool, humid conditions. Typically, flowers are collected about 10 months after planting, when buds begin to open slightly (two days before full bloom). Cut branches should have at least five nodes or more. Immediately after harvest, they are placed in water and transported for grading. First-grade stems are 55–60 cm, second-grade 45–54 cm, third-grade 35–44 cm, and lower grades 35 cm or less. After packaging with cellophane, the stems are cut and reinserted into water.
Fresh-cut roses have a short shelf life and are not suitable for long-distance transport. To extend their freshness, they can be treated with octadecyl sulfate and stored in cold storage at 3–4°C for three days. If long-term storage is needed, they can be kept in a sealed cold room with 1% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide at 0–1°C, lasting up to 20–30 days.