The Meixian Institute of Plant Research has introduced 47 peach varieties since 1986. Through years of careful breeding, the institute successfully selected a high-quality early-maturing variety in 1998, which was named “Prematured Rouge Peach.†This variety has been officially recognized by the provincial science and technology department and is now considered one of the leading peach products in China.
Over the past decade, field trials have shown that this nectarine is easy to manage, produces fruit quickly, and yields well. The tree can bear fruit in its second year after planting, with an average yield of 20 kilograms in the third year. By the sixth year, it can reach up to 100 kilograms per tree, and the annual yield per acre can be as high as 3,000–4,000 kilograms. The fruit typically blooms in mid-February and is harvested from mid to late April. Each fruit weighs around 150 grams on average, with some reaching up to 240 grams. It has a soluble solids content of 11–12%, with an oval shape, a distinct tip resembling an olecranon, and a bright red skin when ripe. The flesh is crisp, sweet, and slightly sour, making it a hard-fleshed variety. Due to its off-season harvest, it is highly popular among consumers.
The variety exhibits strong growth, good tree vigor, and excellent resistance to stress. Flower buds develop well, and pollination remains unaffected even during rainy or hot dry weather, resulting in consistently high fruit set rates. To ensure early harvest and high yield, the following technical measures are recommended:
1. **Site Selection**: Bitter peaches thrive in well-drained loamy or sandy soils. Avoid areas with heavy soil or high groundwater levels.
2. **Planting**: Spacing should be 4–5 meters between trees, with 33–55 plants per acre. Dig holes measuring 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.6 meters. Apply 30 kg of manure and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer in the lower layer, then cover with 10 kg of fire ash. Mound the soil 20–30 cm high. Plant from November to January, or use seedlings in nutrition cups for 4–5 months before transplanting.
3. **Soil Management**: For young trees, perform shallow tilling twice a year (5–10 cm deep) and cover the base with mulch during hot seasons. Consider intercropping with dwarf legumes or grass to improve microclimate. Mature trees require winter pruning.
4. **Fertilization**: Young trees should receive nitrogen-rich fertilizers, along with phosphorus and potassium. For mature trees, focus on potash. Annual fertilizer schedule:
- Winter fertilizer (November–December): 20 kg manure + 10 kg fire soil.
- Spring bud stage (February): 500 g urea + compound fertilizer + 30 g borax.
- Hard core stage (March): 1 kg potassium sulfate + 1 kg phosphorus powder + 0.5 kg urea.
- Early fruit stage (April): 0.5 kg potassium sulfate + high-quality manure.
- Post-harvest (May–June): 0.5 kg urea + 0.5 kg phosphorus.
5. **Pruning**: High-yield trees are trained into a natural open-center shape. In the first year, use shoot tipping, shortening, and branching to form the desired structure.
6. **Pest Control**: Focus on controlling peach fruit borer, aphids, and anthracnose.
- **Peach fruit borer**: Clear garden debris in winter and apply lime powder. During adult emergence, use 90% trichlorfon at 800 times dilution or sugar-wine-vinegar traps.
- **Peach aphid**: Treat spring buds and shoots with 2.5% fluocin at 2000 times or 10% chlorpyrifos at 3000 times.
- **Anthracnose**: Spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture during spring bud. From July to March, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800 times every 15 days.
- **Gummosis**: Cut and remove diseased branches in winter, scrape the gum, and apply 75% methoxyfenozide at 100 times. In summer, spray 50% mancozeb at 500 times, twice in a row.
This comprehensive approach ensures consistent quality, high productivity, and disease resistance, making "Prematured Rouge Peach" a top choice for farmers and consumers alike.
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