Winter crops typically include wheat, rapeseed, green manure, and castor. Proper application of wax fertilizer is essential for maximizing yield and ensuring healthy growth during the cold season. Here's a detailed guide on how to apply wax fertilizer effectively:
1. **Apply Based on Crop Growth and Leaf Color**
Wax fertilizer should not be applied uniformly; it depends on the crop’s condition. Dark green, thick seedlings don’t need additional wax fertilizer. For green leaves, use less or no wax. If the leaves appear pale or yellow, it’s a sign that more fertilizer is needed. Adjust your application based on visual cues to avoid over-fertilizing.
2. **Consider Soil Fertility**
If the soil is already rich in nutrients, you can reduce or even skip wax fertilizer. However, if the soil is poor, with low base fertilization, it’s important to add phosphorus and potassium. In cases where only single-use fertilizers are available, increasing organic matter will help improve soil quality and support crop development.
3. **Avoid Over-Application**
Don’t apply fertilizer indiscriminately, as this can lead to delayed maturity, weak growth, or even crop failure. In sandy soils, repeated applications are necessary to prevent nutrient leaching. It’s crucial to follow proper timing and dosage to maintain balance.
4. **Adjust According to Crop Type**
Different crops require different approaches.
- **Rapeseed**: Mix well-rotted manure with phosphate fertilizer. Apply about 1,500 kg per acre, combined with earthworms, around late December to early January. Early varieties should be fertilized earlier than late ones due to their faster growth.
- **Wheat**: Apply in mid to late December. Strong seedlings benefit from earthworm-based fertilizers, while weak or late-maturing wheat should be mixed with some phosphorus. A total of about 2,500 kg of mixed fertilizer per acre is recommended.
- **Green Manure**: Apply 150–250 kg of ash or a thin layer of pig or cow manure per acre.
- **Castor**: Apply about half of the annual fertilizer requirement. Use 5,000 kg of soil manure and 2,500 kg of pig or cow manure per acre, ideally before frost.
5. **Take Weather Conditions into Account**
In colder temperatures, use slow-release fertilizers like compost, pond mud, or ash. When it's warmer, opt for fast-decomposing options such as urea, ammonium chloride, or ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate is more cost-effective and absorbs better under low temperatures, making it ideal for overwintering crops. Apply 25–30 kg per mu for wheat and rapeseed.
6. **Combine Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers**
High-quality organic options like decomposed pig dung, human waste, fermented pond mud, river silt, old brick soil, fire ash, and cake fertilizer are excellent choices. For weak seedlings, combine human urine with nitrogen-based fertilizers to promote growth. For strong seedlings, focus on pond mud and soil-based mixtures.
7. **Be Mindful of Application Techniques**
When using cake fertilizer, 40–50 kg per acre is sufficient. Avoid concentrating it near the roots, especially during dry periods, to prevent root burn and water loss. If drought occurs after applying fertilizer, watering it in will enhance absorption and effectiveness.
By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure optimal growth, better yields, and sustainable farming practices throughout the winter season.
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