Jujube is a rare and highly valued variety among fresh jujubes, known for its exceptional qualities. It offers five key advantages: First, its fruit size is remarkable—nearly round with a smooth and clean surface. The average fruit weight is 32 grams, with some reaching up to 80 grams. Second, it boasts excellent quality. The thin, crisp skin is reddish in color, crack-free, while the pulp is green and white, tender, juicy, and has a sweet-sour taste. At maturity, it contains up to 40% soluble solids, 72% water content, and an edible rate of 96.9%. Third, it demonstrates strong adaptability, thriving from Liaoning in the north to Guangxi in the south. Fourth, it yields high and stable production. With strong tree vigor, the crown can be formed within three years of planting. By the second year, each plant produces 1-2 kg, increasing to 5-10 kg by the third year. After five years, it enters a high-yield phase, producing 25-35 kg annually. Lastly, it has a moderate maturity period, with fruits maturing in Suzhou from late September to early October.
When establishing a jujube orchard, it's important to select a well-drained, fertile sandy soil that is sunny and protected from wind. Dig planting holes 0.5-0.8 meters wide and deep, adding 25-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 50-100 grams of urea, and 500 grams of compound fertilizer per hole as base fertilizer. Three planting densities can be used: (1) Standard density—2m x 3m spacing, with 110 plants per acre; (2) High density—1m x 3m spacing, with 220 plants per acre for early high yield; (3) Ultra-high density—more than 350 plants per acre for dwarf close planting.
Timely planting is essential. Use seedlings with a full root system, at least 1 meter tall. Planting can occur in spring or autumn. Spring planting typically takes place between mid-April and early May, with planting done just before bud break. Autumn planting should be done after the jujube leaves fall and before the ground freezes. To protect seedlings from cold, cover their roots with wet soil and cut back the stems slightly. In the following spring, when temperatures reach 14°C or higher, loosen the soil, water, and keep the mulch in place. Autumn planting has a survival rate of over 95%, with better growth than spring planting. In southern regions where the soil doesn't freeze, planting can occur from leaf fall to bud break without needing winter protection.
For newly planted jujube trees, irrigation is crucial during dry seasons, along with weeding, grass covering, and other measures to support root development. During rainy seasons, ensure proper drainage. Apply manure or quick-release chemical fertilizers multiple times during the growing season. From mid-June to late July, regular pest and disease control is necessary. Spraying a mixture of 0.3% KHâ‚‚POâ‚„ and 0.2% urea every 7-10 days helps maintain health.
Pruning is essential for shaping the tree. A spindle shape or sparse layer structure is ideal. Prune regularly to encourage vigorous growth and expand the canopy. Jujube flowers mainly on the second branch, with fruiting occurring on side branches. Before flowering, remove the first and second branches of the main stem. During the early and full bloom stages, spray leaves with a solution of 10×10â»â¶ to 15×10â»â¶ gibberellin, plus 0.2% borax or boric acid and 0.3% urea. For strong trees, girdling 30 cm from the ground can improve fruit set. During hot and dry periods, misting with water in the evening can help increase fruit retention.
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