Konjac cultivation technology
Konjac cultivation technology Cultivation method 1. Selection of planting environment: Konjac has warm and moist temperament, likes moist environment, and hates dry environment. Therefore, it should be based on land resources with loose soil, good drainage, deep soil, high fertility, and good ventilation. On this basis, we must also conduct a comprehensive ploughing of the selected land, with a depth of about 40 cm. 2. Intercropping a crop with high stalks: Konjac is a semi-negative plant, so some sheltering measures are needed. At this time, natural shading effects can be considered, and in the absence of natural shading, corn can be associated with corn. Contour crops are intercropped, which is also a solution to the problem of eruption when resources are used rationally. It is understood that when the konjac grow more robust, it is when the konjac's enthusiasm is as high as one-half. In ancient times, people used the intercropping method of big konjac and small corn to plant. 3, sowing should be timely: According to the accumulated experience of history, the general sowing period is the end of March, the depth of sowing is about five centimeters. 4. Proper and close planting: There are many species of pods, and the sizes of different pods are also different. In general, white konjac seeds need to have a weight of 100 to 150 grams. The color of konjac seeds needs to be 200 to 250 grams. When sowing, also need to pay attention to several points, first of all, when the next species need to pay attention to grasp the specifications of the rational close planting, for the konjac, the entire area of ​​the space above the ground is more than ten times the underground tuber plane, the upper part of the leaf area and underground tubers The proportional relationship determines the next density. In general, the better the land quality, the more fertile and the larger tubers retained, the more sparsely planted should be properly sparsely populated, whereas the denser plants should be denser. Secondly, when konjac is planted, it is appropriate to interpenetrate different types of pods to ensure that the structure on the land is hierarchical. This can fully improve land utilization and solar energy utilization, and it is conducive to preventing drought and moisture. [7] 5, fertilization should be scientific: Konjac is good at growing in ample fertilizer environment, fertilizer can guarantee the yield of konjac, in the fertilization should follow a certain principle, that is, base fertilizer and top dressing complement each other, farmyard fertilizer and compound fertilizer have their own use, Combine with each other. Management and maintenance Fertilizer The konjac is a tuber crop with many roots and strong absorption. The konjac has many moisture contents and thin skin. Fertilizer can cause damage to the konjac and cause konjac to develop. During fertilization, the fertiliser and konjac tubers should maintain a certain distance. Especially for retort organic fertilizers, it must be thoroughly cooked so as not to be contaminated with fat and fermentation burn konjac. Application method of organic fertilizer and special fertilizer. base fertilizer Organic manure is the main body of konjak fertilizer. When applying, it should pay attention to basal fertilizer, and concentrate application. Basal fertilizer consists of retort organic fertilizer and humus in forest groves plus appropriate amount of special fertilizer. Generally, 70% to 80% of the total amount of fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, applied to planting trenches at the time of sowing, or digging and fertilizing by ditches. Apply full-thickness fertilizer under the furrow or when the konjac has just emerged. Specific methods: First, dig trenches between two rows of konjac, and mix the cooked organic fertilizer and special fertilizer. Second, when planting konjac, dig the planting trenches to a depth of about 12 to 15 cm to apply compost to the bottom of the trenches. , And then apply special fertilizer, then cover with a layer of soil about 3cm thick, place the seedlings and then cover the soil; Third, put the seedlings in the planting ditch, cover with a layer of organic fertilizer (humus), and then apply special fertilizer , cover the soil can be. In the above three methods, it is a better method to put the fertilizer on the seed pod, which is suitable for the konjac root system to be directly absorbed and utilized after it grows out from the top. top dressing The principle of konjac top-dressing is to provide sufficient nutrients in the early and middle stages of fertility to ensure the vigorous growth of the above-ground parts. In the later stage of fertility (after late July), fertilization should be reduced and the growth of the above-ground parts should be controlled under the premise of maintaining effective nutrient supply. Accumulation of dry matter in tubers in underground parts, enriching bulbs and rhizomes. Top dressing is usually divided into two applications, that is, in late June, after planting the leaves and reusing the first topdressing before changing heads, 10% to 20% of the total amount of organic fertilizer and special fertilizers are mixed and applied. The second time of topdressing is from late August to early September, using special fertilizer as the main fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer accounts for about 10% of the total amount of fertilizer. Its main role is to enhance the growth of leaves, prevent premature leaf decay, and prolong photosynthesis time. Increase production. [8] Seedling Field Management At present, the konjac has entered the seedling stage, to prevent the implementation of key measures such as spotting, shading, fertilization, and disease prevention, etc., to effectively improve the cultivation and management level, promote the robust growth of konjac, and capture the high yield of konjac. First, remove the roots of the weeds konjac distribution is shallow, in order to prevent the young roots and underground stems of the cultivator gras is developing, affect the normal growth of plants, can be used to manually remove weeds. However, it should be noted that people can only pull grass in the ridge, do not step on the ridge to prevent the underground roots. Second, clean trench soil konjac is afraid of drought, and should not be impregnated. Therefore, in the rainy season, especially after the rainstorm, the cultivated fields should go to the ground for inspection and drain the ditch to ensure the open waterway. In combination with the ditch, the fine soil in the trench is cultivated on the ridge surface. Fertilize the soil 2-3 times, in order to facilitate the formation of bulbs, enlargement and sub-floods are not exposed, and can enhance the wind resistance of konjac. Third, the scientific top-dressing fertilizer is mainly used in the cultivation of konjac seedlings show when the leaves mature defecate water can also be applied dry pig manure residue between the plants, the rain through the soil into the konjac root absorption and utilization. To avoid burning roots, it is best to use manure dressing. For the konjac lack of base fertilizer can be applied compound fertilizer. Fourth, to prevent diseases Konjak is mainly soft rot and white peony disease, konjac began to spray after the start of disease prevention, can choose to use 72% of agricultural streptomycin 2,500 times or thiophanate-methyl 500 times, etc., every 7 days Spray once, alternately spray 3-5 times. After the konjac has sprouted and unearthed, check the condition at any time and find the diseased plant. Immediately remove the soil or burn it with soil. Do not throw it into the septic tank or the corner of the field. Sprinkle the lime in and around the nest and step on the soil. Prevent rainwater from removing germs and increase infection. [8] Pest control Disease There are many types of disease in konjac, mainly leaf blight, white peony disease, soft rot, and ring leaf spot disease. Among these diseases, except for ring spot disease, others are very harmful. 1. Soft rot (1) Disease symptoms: Soft rot disease is also known as ball rot and rod down syndrome. This disease mainly affects the petiole, bulbs and leaves. After the victim suffers damage, the tissue is darkened, softened, and emits a stench of odor. It even rots and lodgings the fruit into pieces, causing heavy losses. The young, fleshy petiole, stem and leaf tissue are the first to be invaded by bacteria, and the disease develops more rapidly. It spreads rapidly through rain and insects, and invades through the wound or water hole and slowly infects the entire plant. The infection of this bacterium occurs in the stage where the konjac is changing head to tuber enlargement. During this period, the tissue is tender, easy to damage, and easy to grow pathogens. (2) Prevention and remediation measures: The management of the cultivation of konjac should be strengthened, and deep ploughing and soil drainage should be conducted on a regular basis. When selecting seeds, carefully select non-rot and non-wound species and properly Keeping and transporting, in addition, should pay attention to konjac crops that cannot be continuously planted or planted during planting, such as Solanaceae. Before konjac is sown, it can be immersed in an appropriate proportion of agricultural streptomycin solution, removed and dried. 2, white peony disease (1) Symptoms of the disease: White tinea disease, also known as black shank disease, root rickets, mainly affects the base of the petiole, resulting in damage to the petioles or bulbs. When the base of the handle is also infected with white feather disease, dark brown spots will appear, and will continue to expand, eventually causing the petiole to grow white silky-like mycelium and appear light red. The bacteria grows well under the environmental conditions of high temperature, humid air and long days. (2) Prevention and remediation measures: For white peony disease, we must strengthen the cultivation and management of the pastoral gardens, and promptly eliminate stagnant water. When planting, it is not possible to carry out continuous cropping and intercropping with peanuts, Solanaceae and soybeans, and an appropriate proportion of Bordeaux can be used. The liquid is spray-sterilized around the contact between the petiole and the soil surface during the exchange of the konjac head to the bulb. 3, leaf blight (1) Symptoms of the disease: It mainly damages the leaves. The bacteria will overwinter in the soil and can splash on the leaves with rain. In addition, they can invade through wounds or air holes, and can spread through wind and rain. Therefore, the bacterial infection ability of leaf blight is extremely strong, causing the konjac to die and die. (2) Prevention and remediation measures: The prevention and control measures for leaf blight are basically the same as those for soft rot. Pests The pests that affect konjac growth include sweetpotato hornworm, konjac nematode, and bean hornworm. The prevention and control of these pests requires the removal of weeds and dead leaves during the winter and spring seasons. At the same time, konjac and corn are used for field planting. This has an important effect on pest control. In addition, pesticides can be used to remove insect pests, and attention should be paid to the use of farmyard manure when using farmyard manure. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Refers to the raw materials used in the production of various preparations, and is the active ingredient in the preparations
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