In late summer and early fall, the weather remained hot, making it challenging for vegetable farmers to manage their nurseries. Despite these difficulties, the farmers strictly followed technical guidelines, ensuring that all nursery practices were based on scientific methods. This approach helped them maintain healthy pepper seedlings throughout the season.
During the summer and autumn planting period, several key tasks were carried out, including seed treatment, natural room temperature germination, and sowing. At the same time, efforts were focused on addressing issues such as high temperatures, drought, heavy rain, seedling diseases, and pest infestations.
Seed treatment was the first step. After selecting high-quality seeds, they were dried for four hours, then disinfected using a trisodium phosphate solution. The seeds were soaked in clean water for approximately eight hours before being slightly dried and prepared for germination.
Germination at room temperature was next. With ambient temperatures around 30°C, which is ideal for germination, the soaked seeds were placed in a cotton cloth and covered with plastic film. They were rinsed with clear water every six hours to keep them moist. Within 60 to 70 hours, the seeds began to sprout. When the sprouts reached about 3 mm in length and the seeds turned white, it was the best time to sow. If sowing couldn’t be done immediately, the seeds were stored at around 8°C until conditions improved.
Preparing the plug trays involved using a specialized growing medium. Each bag could hold up to 72 trays, with each tray accommodating 72 plants. Farmers calculated the number of trays and media needed based on their specific requirements. The medium was enriched with phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, biological micro-fertilizers, and other essential nutrients. After mixing with water, the trays were leveled using a straight wooden board.
This marked the start of the nursery process. To grow strong and healthy seedlings, it was crucial to manage high temperatures, drought, heavy rain, and pests effectively. These challenges were the top priorities throughout the entire growing period.
To prevent high temperatures, after sowing, the plug trays were watered and sprayed with Prok, then covered with plastic film. Shade nets were used to keep the temperature down and avoid overheating. The daytime temperature should stay below 30°C, and nighttime temperatures below 18°C. Once about 80% of the seeds had emerged, the plastic film could be removed. As the seedlings grew, the duration of shade coverage was gradually reduced to promote better growth.
Preventing drought required careful monitoring of the moisture levels in the seedbed. Both overwatering and under-watering were harmful. Many farmers tended to restrict watering too much, leading to dry roots and weak seedlings. It was important to water in the early morning when the sun was not too intense, ensuring the roots absorbed enough water without stress.
To avoid leggy or weak seedlings, attention was given to factors like light intensity, temperature, and humidity. High night temperatures increased respiration, causing excessive nutrient loss and promoting rapid, weak growth. Excess nitrogen and water also contributed to this issue. Additionally, overcrowding led to poor light penetration and reduced photosynthesis. To prevent this, farmers adjusted night temperatures, controlled humidity, reduced nitrogen fertilizer, and increased spacing between seedlings to improve air circulation and light exposure.
To protect against heavy rains, the seedbeds were placed in covered sheds using a two-layer system: plastic film combined with shade and insect nets. During heavy rain, the plastic film was pulled down and secured to prevent water damage and contamination from rain-borne pathogens.
Pest and disease control was also critical. With favorable conditions for pests, measures were taken to prevent infestations. Insect nets were installed, and yellow and blue sticky traps were used to catch aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. Diseases like damping-off, blight, and viral infections were also monitored closely. Seed disinfection and bed disinfection were performed, and after sowing, the seedlings were sprayed with Xiangnong 4 or Miao bacteria mixed with Harvest No.1, which helped prevent soil-borne diseases and promoted strong root development.
Fluorine-Containing Benzoic Acid
The Fluorine-Containing Benzoic Acid series is very common form of the fluorochemical compounds, it has many product types and derivatives. Most of products are in white crystalline powder, some of products are Colorless monoclinic prismatic crystals. It was widely used as fungicide intermediates, also used in the etching process. The Fluorine-Containing Benzoic Acid series are mostly in high value-added , less polluting products. We are trying our best to make our production dock with market to give accurate and effective services for the market .
Containing Benzoic Acid,2,3-Difluorobenzoic Acid,Methoxybenzoic Acid
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