The harvesting and processing technology of bitter rose
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Bitter water roses can be harvested two to three years after planting and can yield flowers for up to 20 to 25 consecutive years. The flowering period typically lasts between 20 to 30 days, with the optimal collection window lasting around 15 to 20 days. Flower picking should be done early in the morning, preferably before 10:00 AM, to ensure the highest quality and essential oil content. Once picked, the flowers must be processed within two hours to maintain their freshness and potency.
The extraction process usually involves steam distillation, which yields approximately 0.04% of bitter water rose essential oil. In addition to distillation, petroleum ether extraction is also used, resulting in an extraction rate of about 0.28%. These methods are commonly applied in the production of high-quality rose oils and extracts used in perfumery, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. Proper timing and handling during harvesting and processing are crucial to maximizing the yield and quality of the final product.