Hong Yateng Pepper Cultivation Technology
Green Pepper Cultivation and Management Technology Green pepper, also known as Teng pepper, is a versatile plant that can thrive in various soil types, including limestone, mountainous soils, and sandy areas. It has a shallow root system with strong lateral roots and fibrous roots, which allows it to resist drought and grow in poor conditions. The plant is known for its vigorous sprouting ability and long-lasting buds, making it ideal for cultivation in different regions. (a) Growth Cycle Green pepper typically begins germination in late February and sprouts in early March. The fruiting period lasts around 130 days, with the main harvest occurring between mid-July and early August in the hilly areas of our region. This growth cycle is influenced by soil quality and tree vigor. (b) Bud Characteristics 1. Heterogeneity: Buds on the lower part of shoots are usually more developed and sprout into branches easily. The quality of shoots decreases from top to bottom, affecting branch size, leaf number, and fruit yield. 2. Early Maturation: Buds mature quickly, and under certain conditions like pruning or pest damage, secondary buds can be stimulated to grow. 3. Budding Force: The budding force is generally strong, especially at the tip of the shoots. 4. Bud Potential: Cryptic buds exist on the main trunk and lower branches, which can remain dormant for years before sprouting when the tree’s vitality declines. 5. Bud Differentiation: Flower bud differentiation occurs after fruit expansion and ripening. Proper fertilization helps improve fruit quality and increase yield. 6. Types of Buds: Buds can be classified into leaf buds, flower buds, and mixed buds, each with distinct functions. (c) Branch Characteristics 1. Branch Composition: There are four types of branches: vegetative, fruiting, leafy, and leggy. 2. Apical Dominance: The apical dominance is strong, meaning the top shoot grows faster than side shoots. 3. Vertical Growth and Layering: The plant has strong vertical growth, with upper branches growing taller than horizontal ones. Natural layering occurs, forming a cup-shaped structure. 4. Growth Patterns: New shoots begin growing at around 10°C, with two growth peaks per year. (d) Flowering Habits 1. Fruiting and Pollination: Most flower buds are mixed. Trees start bearing fruit after 3-5 years, with self-pollination being sufficient. 2. Flower and Fruit Drop: Two physiological drops occur annually, with the first being the most significant. 3. Fruit Development: After rapid growth in April-May, fruit hardens and matures by mid-July. (v) Root Growth Characteristics 1. Root Depth: The root system is shallow, with main roots developing early. Lateral roots appear after the main roots stop growing. 2. Root Growth Dynamics: Roots begin growing at 3–5°C, earlier than above-ground shoots. They have three growth peaks yearly. II. Cultivation and Management Techniques (a) Seedling Production 1. Seed Harvesting and Processing: Select mature seeds from healthy trees, dry them naturally, and disinfect with appropriate solutions to prevent diseases. 2. Seedling Selection: Choose well-drained, fertile land with good water supply for optimal seedling growth. 3. Soil Preparation: Prepare the soil thoroughly to ensure proper drainage and nutrient availability. 4. Sowing Methods: Sow in autumn or spring, using seedbeds for better control. Apply fertilizer and protect the soil with mulch or plastic film. 5. Post-Sowing Care: Maintain moisture, apply necessary fertilizers, and manage weeds and pests regularly. (b) Asexual Propagation 1. Grafting: Use wild saplings as rootstocks and choose appropriate grafting techniques based on the age of the tree. III. Plantation and Maintenance (a) Site Selection: Choose sunny slopes with good drainage and suitable soil conditions. (b) Planting Time and Density: Plant in spring or winter, depending on local climate. Adjust density based on soil quality and slope. (c) Planting Method: Dig planting holes, add organic fertilizer, and carefully plant the seedlings to avoid root damage. Cover with soil and use plastic film to retain moisture. (d) Intercropping: Combine green pepper with crops like soybeans or vegetables to improve soil fertility and increase income. (e) Fertilization: Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium-based fertilizers during key growth stages to enhance yield and fruit quality. IV. Pest and Disease Control (I) Diseases: Common issues include root rot, dry rot, and brown spot disease. Prevention involves proper site selection, timely pruning, and application of fungicides. (II) Insect Pests: Pests such as swallow butterflies, locusts, and Tianniu can cause serious damage. Control measures include manual removal, insecticide spraying, and biological methods. By following these comprehensive management practices, farmers can successfully cultivate green peppers, ensuring high yields and quality fruits while maintaining the health of the plants and the environment. Ultrasound Diagnostic Equipment Ultrasound Diagnostic Equipment,Male Gallbladder Polyps Ultrasound Instrument,Children Polycystic Kidney Ultrasound Instrument,Male Polycystic Kidney Ultrasound Instrument Sichuan Kairuisheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.sckrayson.com