Trace elements such as zinc, boron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and iron are required in small quantities for plant growth, yet their role in ensuring normal development is just as crucial as that of macronutrients. While plants can often meet their needs through regular fertilization, the use of micro-fertilizers significantly enhances crop yields and improves product quality.
Zinc fertilizer is commonly applied as a base fertilizer, seed treatment, or top dressing. Zinc sulfate and zinc chloride are the most widely used forms. For base application, the typical rate is 12 kg per hectare. It should be mixed with acidic fertilizers but not with phosphorus-based fertilizers, as it does not move easily through the soil.
Boron is primarily applied using borax or boric acid, both of which are water-soluble and fast-acting. They can be used as base fertilizer, seed treatment, or foliar spray. In boron-deficient soils, the recommended dosage is 1.5 to 3 kg per hectare. Foliar sprays usually require a concentration of 0.025% to 0.1% boric acid or 0.05% to 0.2% borax solution, applied at 750 to 1125 kg per hectare. Seeds can be soaked in a 0.01% to 0.05% solution for 6 to 12 hours, or treated with 0.1% to 0.2% solution during transplanting. For seed dressing, 0.4 to 1.0 g per kg of seeds is recommended. Boron should be evenly distributed to avoid local over-concentration, which could lead to toxicity. It is best combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, or organic fertilizers.
In fruit trees, boron is applied as a base fertilizer at 20–30 g (small trees) or 100–200 g (large trees) of borax per tree. Since boron is not mobile within the plant, multiple applications are needed to maximize its effectiveness.
Manganese fertilizer, typically in the form of manganese sulfate, is effective for neutral or alkaline soils. Due to its tendency to become insoluble, it is often applied via foliar sprays, seed soaking, or seed dressing. The soaking concentration is generally 0.1% to 0.2%, with a soak time of 8 hours. Seed dressing requires 4 to 8 g per kg of seeds. Foliar sprays are applied at 0.05% to 0.1% for field crops and 0.3% to 0.4% for fruit trees, with 750 to 1300 kg per hectare. It is best mixed with acidic fertilizers like ammonium sulfate or superphosphate to reduce soil fixation.
Copper fertilizer, often in the form of copper sulfate, is used as a base fertilizer, seed treatment, or foliar spray. Base application rates range from 15 to 23 kg per hectare, preferably combined with acidic fertilizers. Seed dressing uses 1 g of copper sulfate per kg of seeds, while soaking concentrations range from 0.01% to 0.05%. Foliar sprays are applied at 0.02% to 0.1%. To prevent toxicity, it is advisable to add 10% to 20% slaked lime.
Molybdenum fertilizer, commonly ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, is used for seed treatment and foliar sprays. Soaking seeds in a 0.05% to 0.1% solution for 12 hours is common. Seed dressing uses 2 to 6 g per kg of seeds. Foliar sprays are applied at 0.01% to 0.1%, usually once or twice during the early growth stages. Molybdenum works well with phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, especially in legumes like soybeans.
Iron fertilizer, mostly ferrous sulfate, is mainly applied through foliar sprays due to its rapid conversion into insoluble forms in the soil. A typical foliar spray concentration is 0.75% to 1.0%, with fruit trees being sprayed before bud break. For base application, it is best mixed with decomposable organic fertilizers to help manage iron deficiency.
â–¡ Wang Yi
Antioxidant
(1) Natural astaxanthin: it is a powerful antioxidant, known as the king of anti-aging. Its ability to scavenge free radicals is 6000 times that of vitamin C; 1000 times that of vitamin E; yes β- 100 times the efficacy of carotene; It is 20 times more effective than selenium; It is 700 times the efficacy of anthocyanins; It is 320 times the efficacy of tea polyphenols; It is 10 times more effective than lycopene; 800 times that of coenzyme Q10;: It is 240 times more effective than grape seed extract; It is 200 times the efficacy of carotol (Lutein); It is 3000 times higher than resveratrol[ 1]
(2) Vitamin C: also known as ascorbic acid, is an acidic polyhydroxy compound containing 6 carbon atoms: lack of vitamin C can greatly reduce endurance exercise ability. Vitamin C supplementation can significantly reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. The safe dose of vitamin C supplementation is 0.5 ~ 3.0 g / day. The recommended daily dose of vitamin C supplement is 0.5 ~ 2.0 G.
(6) Anthocyanins: anthocyanins belong to biological flavonoids, and the most important physiological active functions of flavonoids are free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant ability.
(7) Tea polyphenols: tea polyphenols are all natural antioxidant foods extracted from tea. They have the characteristics of strong antioxidant capacity, non-toxic side effects and no peculiar smell. The antioxidant effect of tea polyphenols can eliminate reactive oxygen species and inhibit the consumption of vitamin C, so it can keep skin delicate and white.
Astaxanthin 10% Powder, Glabridin 99% Powder, Tea Polyphenols Powder
Xi'an Tian Guangyuan Biotech Co., Ltd. , https://www.tgybiotech.com