Fish pond cage culture is a highly efficient and manageable method of aquaculture. It offers advantages such as a small footprint, ease of operation, convenient harvesting, and high economic returns. This technique is also suitable for breeding the four major fish species, making it a versatile approach for fish farming.
When setting up net cages, it's important to choose polyethylene mesh with a no-knot structure for durability and safety. The standard dimensions of the cages are 7 meters in length, 1.7 meters in width and height, or 10 meters long with 2 meters in both width and height. The fish pond should have a depth of at least 1.5 meters. Before placing the cages, thoroughly clean the pond to eliminate any potential threats that could damage the nets. Once the cages are installed, secure them using bamboo poles about 3 to 4 meters long along the edges. A layer of 25 to 30 centimeters of clay should be placed on the bottom of the pond, and the water level should be raised so that about 50% of the cage’s surface is covered. Ensure that the cage is at least 1 meter away from the pond walls to allow proper water circulation. New cages should be soaked in water for 15 to 20 days before use to remove any harmful substances and prevent injury to the fish from sharp edges.
Before stocking the fish, lime should be applied at a rate of 100 grams per square meter one week prior to ensure proper disinfection. For eels, a saltwater bath at a concentration of 1% to 3% for 2 to 3 minutes is recommended. Each cage should initially hold carp weighing between 25 to 125 grams, with a total weight of 30 to 50 kilograms. As the season progresses from August to November, the stocking density can gradually increase.
Feeding and management are crucial during the growing period. From July to September, which is the peak feeding season, it's essential to provide a consistent supply of high-quality feed. The main diet consists of animal-based feeds like small fish, shrimp, oysters, snails, and other similar organisms. The daily feeding amount should be 5% to 10% of the fish's body weight, divided into two meals each day—morning and afternoon. The feed should be consumed within an hour, and any leftovers must be removed promptly to maintain water quality. Alternatively, a small amount of mud can be added to the cage to help absorb remaining food particles. Feed should be changed gradually, ideally 3 to 5 days in advance, to avoid digestive issues in the fish.
During the summer months, shading structures should be used to protect the cages from excessive sunlight. Regular removal of decaying plant matter is necessary to keep the environment clean. After rainfall, water levels should be monitored and drained if needed to prevent fish from escaping. Disease prevention and treatment are also vital. Common ailments such as gill rot, enteritis, viral infections, bacterial diseases, and fever should be closely monitored and treated as necessary to ensure the health of the fish population.
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